بهینه‌سازی تخریب فوتوکاتالیستی فنول به‌وسیله نانوکامپوزیت مغناطیسی Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 به‌روش پاسخ سطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

4 دکترا، اداره حفاظت محیط‌زیست، منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، شرکت ملی نفت ایران، عسلویه، ایران

چکیده

حذف فنول به‌عنوان یک آلاینده رایج محیط‌زیست در سال‌های اخیر مورد توجه پژوهشگران بسیاری قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش، کارایی فوتوکاتالیست مغناطیسی Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 در تخریب فنول ارزیابی شد. همچنین اثر عامل‌های مؤثر در تخریب این آلاینده با استفاده از روش پاسخ سطحی بررسی شد. در این پژوهش، تجزیه فوتوکاتالیستی فنول در یک محلول آبی با استفاده از نانوکامپوزیت Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 تحت اشعه ماورای بنفش بررسی شد. مواد سنتز شده با طیف‌سنج بازتاب انتشاری UV-Visible، میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، تبدیل فوریه فروسرخ، پراش اشعه ایکس و مغناطیس‌سنج نمونه ارتعاشی مشخص شدند. آنالیزهای XRD و VSM نشان دادند ساختار نانوکامپوزیت Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 حاوی فاز آناتاز TiO2 بوده و خواص سوپرپارامغناطیس (emu/g 07/12) دارد. بر اساس طیف DRS و محاسبه نوار شکاف انرژی eV 01/3 برای نمونه Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 اندازه‌گیری شد. آنالیز واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که اثرات متغیرهای اصلی‌ غلظت فوتوکاتالیست، زمان تابش نور UV و مجذور غلظت فوتوکاتالیست در مدل معنی‌دار هستند. متغیرهای معنی‌دار از بیشترین به کمترین معنی‌داری شامل: غلظت فوتوکاتالیست < زمان تابش نور UV < مجذور غلظت فوتوکاتالیست هستند. نتایج نشان داد کارایی نانوکامپوزیت Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 پس از 5 بار استفاده مجدد از 55 به 49 درصد رسید که کاهش قابل‌توجهی نداشت. تخریب فوتوکاتالیستی فنول با روش پاسخ سطحی برای بررسی تأثیر عوامل عملیاتی بر فرایند حذف انجام شد. حداکثر حذف فنول 55 درصد در pH معادل 8، غلظت فوتوکاتالیست 1000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و پس از 220 دقیقه زمان تابش نور UV به‌دست آمد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد نانوکامپوزیت مغناطیسی Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای حذف فنول از پساب‌های صنعتی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Via Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposite by Response Surface Methodology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Aghel 1
  • Nader Bahramifar 2
  • Habibollah Younesi 3
  • Mahdi Tanha Ziyarati 4
1 PhD. Candidate, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran
2 Assoc. prof., Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran
4 PhD., Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ), National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Assaluyeh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phenol removal has recently become a topic of interest and debate among environmental scientists. In this research, the efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 magnetic photocatalyst in phenol degradation was evaluated. Also, the effect of effective factors in the degradation of this pollutant was investigated using the surface response methodology. In the present work, photodegradation of phenol in an aqueous solution was studied using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanocomposite under ultraviolet. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared,
X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Based on XRD and VSM, the Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanocomposite structure contained an anatase TiO2 phase and showed a superparamagnetic behavior (12.07 emu/g). Based on the DRS spectra and bandgap computation, the direct bandgap energy of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was 3.01 eV. Result of ANOVA showed that the effects of the main variables of photocatalyst concentration, UV light irradiation time and the square of photocatalyst concentration are significant in the model. Significant variables from the most significant to the least significant include: photocatalyst concentration>UV light irradiation time>square of photocatalyst concentration. The findings showed that Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was recycled five times to attain 50% degradation of phenol and the photocatalytic activity did not decrease noticeably after five photocatalytic cycles. The Photocatalytic degradation of phenol was performed by the response surface methodology to study the influence of operational factors on the degradation process. Maximum removal of 55% phenol was obtained at a pH of 8, a photocatalyst dosage of 1.0 g/L, and a phenol concentration of 100 mg/L after 220 min UV irradiation time. Results showed that the Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 magnetic nanocomposite has suitable potential for treating phenolic wastewater.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Photocatalytic
  • Phenol
  • Surface Methodology

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