مروری بر دستاوردهای اخیر در زمینه ساخت و اصلاح غشاهای ضدگرفتگی میکروفیلتراسیون در تصفیه آب

نوع مقاله : یاداشت‌ فنی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی، گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده نفت و گاز گچساران، دانشگاه یاسوج، گچساران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده نفت و گاز گچساران، دانشگاه یاسوج، گچساران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های پیش روی تمدن مدرن، کمبود منابع آب پاک کافی است. فناوری غشایی به‌دلیل صرفه‌جویی در مصرف انرژی، کارایی عملکردی بالا و مقرون‌به‌صرفه بودن، به‌عنوان یک فناوری کلیدی برای تصفیه آب از جمله آب شیرین، آب شور و همچنین تصفیه فاضلاب شهری یا صنعتی ایجاد شده است. با این حال، گرفتگی غشا که از برهم‌کنش غیراختصاصی بین سطح غشا و عوامل ایجادکننده گرفتگی نشأت می‌گیرد، به‌طور قابل‌توجهی مانع استفاده کارآمد از فناوری غشایی می‌شود. آماده‌سازی غشاهای ضدگرفتگی یک رویکرد اساسی برای مقابله با مشکلات گرفتگی ناشی از انواع گوناگون عوامل ایجادکننده گرفتگی است. پیشرفت قابل‌توجهی در تکنیک‌های آماده‌سازی غشا و استراتژی‌های اصلاح آن، به ویژه در غشاهای میکروفیلتراسیون، در سال‌های اخیر حاصل شده است. ضمن تشریح استراتژی‌های کلیدی برای اصلاح غشاهای ضدگرفتگی میکروفیلتراسیون، بررسی دستاوردهای اخیر در این زمینه را برجسته ساخته و جزئیات مرتبط با تکنیک‌های آماده‌سازی و پارامترهای عملکردی بهبودیافته غشاهای بیان شده را ارائه می‌دهد. غشاهای نانوکامپوزیتی میکروفیلتراسیون اصلاح شده با روش اختلاط را می‌توان به واسطه کارایی عملکردی بالا و خواص ضدگرفتگی مطلوب در میان تمامی روش‌های اصلاحی که در این پژوهش به آنها پرداخته شد، به‌عنوان یک فناوری نوظهور در نظر گرفت که قادر به تبدیل مقیاس آزمایشگاهی/پایلوت به یک فناوری تجاری قابل‌اعتماد است. در حالی که به‌کارگیری روش‌های اصلاحی (اختلاط، اصلاح سطح، پلیمریزاسیون پیوندی، سل-ژل و الکتروریسی) برای مدیریت بهتر گرفتگی در غشاهای میکروفیلتراسیون، مزایایی ویژه در بهبود عملکرد و اما معایبی را نیز دارد. بنابراین، بهینه‌سازی روش‌های اصلاحی با هدف تجاری‌سازی غشاهای میکروفیلتراسیون اصلاح شده، بسیار ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of Recent Achievements in the Fabrication and Modification of Microfiltration Antifouling Membranes for Water Treatment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shokufeh Pira 1
  • Safura Nazari 2
  • Azar Asadi 3
1 Undergraduate Student, Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran, Iran
2 PhD. Student, Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most pressing challenges confronting modern civilization is the lack of enough clean water supplies. Membrane technology has emerged as a key technology for water treatment, including fresh water, salt water, and municipal or industrial wastewater treatment, owing to its energy savings, high performance efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. However, membrane fouling, resulting from a non-specific interaction between the membrane surface and fouling agents, significantly hinders the efficient utilization of membrane technology. The fabrication of antifouling membranes is a fundamental approach to dealing with fouling issues caused by various types of fouling agents. Significant progress has been made in membrane preparation techniques and modification strategies, notably in microfiltration membranes, in recent years. While outlining the key strategies for modifying antifouling microfiltration membranes, the present review highlights recent achievements in the mentioned field, which provides more details related to the fabrication and preparation techniques and enhances performance parameters of these membranes. Microfiltration nanocomposite membranes modified by blending method can be considered an emerging technology capable of converting laboratory/pilot scale to a reliable commercial technology due to their high performance efficiency and good antifouling properties among all modification methods covered in this study. While using modification techniques (blending, surface modification, interfacial polymerization, sol-gel, and electrospinning) to better manage fouling in microfiltration membranes has certain benefits in terms of boosting performance, it also has drawbacks. Therefore, further optimization of modifying methods with the aim of commercializing modified microfiltration membranes is essential.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Treatment
  • Membrane Technology
  • Microfiltration
  • Antifouling Properties
  • Membrane Modification
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