طراحی مدل نقش‌آفرینی شرکت‌های آب و فاضلاب در مدیریت یکپارچه شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی محیط‌زیست، پردیس بین‌المللی کیش، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه صنعتی قم، قم، ایران

4 کارشناس بهره‌وری و سیستم‌های مدیریتی، شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه حکمرانی آب یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل چالش‌برانگیز در جهان محسوب می‌شود که حکومت‌های شهری را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. این امر منجر به ظهور مجموعه‌ای از مدل‌های حکمرانی آب شده که گستره‌ای از سازمان‌های دولتی، دولتی-خصوصی و خصوصی را در بر می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش سعی شد، با استفاده از یک مدل توصیفی، مدل نقش‌آفرینی شرکت‌های آب و فاضلاب در مدیریت یکپارچه شهری سناریوبندی شده و سپس نوع بهینه حکمرانی آب در ایران معرفی شود. در این راستا، کلیه پارامترها و متغیرهای مؤثر در مدیریت به ‌هم‌ پیوسته منابع آب ایران و نیز مجموعه قوانین و مقررات بالادستی و حدود اختیارات سازمان‌های درگیر ارزیابی و بررسی شد. سپس با به‌کارگیری ابزاری تحت عنوان نگاشت نهادی، 4 سناریوی محتمل برای تقسیم وظایف بین دولت، شهرداری و بخش خصوصی در حکمرانی آب شامل 1) حکمرانی متمرکز مبتنی بر نقش‌آفرینی دولت مرکزی، 2) حکمرانی نیمه‌متمرکز با محوریت دولت مرکزی، 3) حکمرانی نیمه‌متمرکز با محوریت دولت محلی (شهرداری‌ها) و 4) حکمرانی غیرمتمرکز مبتنی بر نقش‌آفرینی دولت محلی (شهرداری‌ها) ارائه شد. با مقایسه سناریوهای پیشنهادی بر اساس ملاحظات، مزایا و معایب هر یک از سناریوها، سناریوی 2 به‌عنوان بهترین سناریو از حیث مطلوبیت به‌کارگیری با توجه به شرایط و اقتضائات کشور معرفی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Role Model for Water and Wastewater Companies in Integrated Urban Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Parvaresh 1
  • Nasser Mehrdadi 2
  • Abdolreza Karimi 3
  • Mohammad Talaei 4
1 PhD. Candidate of Environmental Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University of Technology (QUT), Qom, Iran
4 Productivity and Management Systems Expert, Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Urban governments face a number of challenges today related to water governance. As a result, a variety of water governance models have emerged involving governments, public-private partnerships, and private firms. Using a descriptive model, this paper describes how water and wastewater companies in integrated urban management are modeled, and then it suggests how the optimal type of water governance is established in Iran. This study analyzed all parameters and effective variables in continuous management of Iran's water resources, along with the set of laws and regulations that govern upstream activities and the authorities of the governing bodies. Based on institutional mapping, four scenarios were created for dividing responsibilities between government, municipality and private sector in water governance, including governmental planning, semi-centralized governance with the central government, semi-centralized governance with municipalities and decentralized governance based on local government mapping (municipalities). On the basis of the considerations, advantages, and disadvantages of every scenario, scenario 2 has been proposed as the most desirable scenario for application under the country's circumstances.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Role Mapping
  • Institutional Mapping
  • Integrated Urban Management
  • Water Governance
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