فعال‌سازی خاک ‌رس قرمز برای جذب رنگ و احیای آن با فرایند فتوفنتون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه ریاضی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

امروزه تولید فاضلاب‌های صنعتی، بهداشتی و نفوذ آنها به منابع آبی مشکلات زیادی به بار آورده است. به‌علاوه محدودیت در منابع آب قابل استفاده در صنعت، کشاورزی و شرب و همچنین فاضلاب‌ها، جوامع بشری را به استفاده بهینه از منابع موجود و بازیابی (استفاده مجدد) آبهای آلوده هدایت کرده است. در این پژوهش، اثر هر یک از روش‌های فعال‌سازی اسیدی و قلیایی بر فعالیت جذب ‌سطحی رنگ توسط خاک ‌رس قرمز انجام شد. هر یک از خاک‌های فعال ‌شده برای حذف رنگ ‌‌متیلن‌بلو با روش جذب ‌سطحی استفاده شد تا خاک فعال ‌شده با بیشترین کارایی مشخص شود. عوامل مؤثر بر جذب شامل اثرات pH محلول (معادل 5 تا 11)، غلظت ماده رنگ‌زا (100 تا 400 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و مقدار جاذب (2/0 تا 03/0 گرم) در جذب رنگ ‌‌متیلن‌بلو بر روی جاذب بهینه بررسی شد و شرایط بهینه تعیین شد. در ادامه برای بررسی خواص فیزیکی، شیمیایی و مورفولوژیکی از آنالیزهای پراش اشعه ایکس و ‌اندازه‌گیری میزان تخلخل و سطوح مؤثر و آنالیز تبدیل فوریه‌ مادون‌ قرمز استفاده شد. نتایج آنالیزهای شیمیایی نشان داد خاک فعال شده با اسید 3 مولار، بیشترین ظرفیت جذب در بین روش‌های فعال‌سازی را دارد. بر اساس آنالیزهای شناسایی انجام شده، مساحت سطح خاک رس پس از عملیات فعال‌سازی اسیدی در نتیجه شکست برخی پیوندهای موجود در ساختار خاک‌ رس (نتایج تبدیل فوریه‌ مادون ‌قرمز) و باز شدن صفحات (تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی) افزایش یافت. عوامل بیان شده منجر به افزایش قابل‌توجه جذب خاک فعال ‌شده در مقایسه با خاک خام از 27 به 81 درصد شد. رفتار جذبی جاذب نشان داد که ایزوترم جذب با مدل معادله لانگمیر تطابق خوبی دارد. نتایج بررسی مشخص کرد که امکان استفاده مجدد از جاذب وجود دارد. همچنین می‌توان از خاک اصلاح شده به‌عنوان یک جاذب کارآمد برای حذف رنگ ‌‌متیلن‌بلو از محلول‌های آبی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Activation of Red Clay for Adsorption of Dye and its Regeneration by Photo-Fenton Process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sasan Fooladivanda 1
  • Mohammad Ghorbanpour 2
  • Mohammad Bagher Moghimi 3
1 Former Graduate Student, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, industrial and sanitation wastewater production and their penetration into water resources have caused numerous challenges. Moreover, limitations on water resources used in industry, agriculture, drinking water, and wastewater have led human societies to make optimal use of available resources and treat the polluted water. This study investigated the effect of the acid and alkaline activation methods on dye adsorption by red clay. Each activated soil was used to remove methylene blue paint by adsorption method to determine the activated soil with the highest efficiency. The influential factors on adsorption, including the effects of solution pH (5-11), dye concentration (100-100 mg/L), and the amount of adsorbent (0.3-0.2 g) in adsorption of methylene blue dye, were examined on the optimal adsorbent, and the optimal conditions were investigated and determined. Then, X-Ray diffraction, measurement of porosity and effective surfaces, and Fourier transform infrared analysis were used to study the physical, chemical, and morphological properties. The results of chemical analysis showed that the soil activated with 3 M acid has the highest adsorption capacity among other activation methods. According to the detection analyses, the surface area of the clay increased after the acid activation operation due to  some of the bonds in the structure of the clay breaking (results of Fourier transform infrared) and the opening of the plates (scanning electron microscope images). These factors increased the uptake of activated soil significantly (27 to 81%) compared to raw soil. The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent showed that the adsorption isotherm is consistent with the Langmuir equation model. The results of the reusability study showed that the adsorbent is reusable. Results also showed that the modified soil is an effective adsorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Activation
  • Red Clay
  • Adsorption
  • Dye
Al-Essa, K. 2018. Activation of Jordanian bentonite by hydrochloric acid and its potential for olive mill wastewater enhanced treatment. Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 8385692.
Amari, A., Gannouni, H., Khan, M. I., Almesfer, M. K., Elkhaleefa, A. M. & Gannouni, A. 2018. Effect of structure and chemical activation on the adsorption properties of green clay minerals for the removal of cationic dye. Applied Sciences, 8(11), 2302.
Asrari, E. & Izadi Navan, E. 2018. Using modified Montmorillonite by Methylene Blue for removing Brilliant Red from textile wastewater. Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, 6(2), 89-97.
Chan, W., Mazlee, M., Ahmad, Z. A., Ishak, M. & Shamsul, J. 2017. The development of low cost adsorbents from clay and waste materials: a review. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19(1), 1-14.
Fu, F., Gao, Z., Gao, L. & Li, D. 2011. Effective adsorption of anionic dye, alizarin red S, from aqueous solutions on activated clay modified by iron oxide. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(16), 9712-9717.
Ghorbanpour, M. 2018. Soybean oil bleaching by adsorption onto bentonite/iron oxide nanocomposites. Journal of Physical Science, 29(2), 113-119.
Gładysz-Płaska, A., Majdan, M. & Grabias, E. 2014. Adsorption of La, Eu and Lu on raw and modified red clay. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 301(1), 33-40.
Gładysz-Płaska, A., Majdan, M., Pikus, S. & Sternik, D. 2012. Simultaneous adsorption of chromium (VI) and phenol on natural red clay modified by HDTMA. Chemical Engineering Journal, 179, 140-150.
Hajipour, N., Ghorbanpour, M. & Feizi, A. 2021. Application of photo-Fenton dye removal with gamma-Fe2O3/bentonite nanocomposites prepared by solid-state reaction in wastewater treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment, 233, 311-318.
Han, H., Rafiq, M. K., Zhou, T., Xu, R., Mašek, O. & Li, X. 2019. A critical review of clay-based composites with enhanced adsorption performance for metal and organic pollutants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 396, 780-796.
Horri, N., Sanz-Pérez, E. S., Arencibia, A., Sanz, R., Frini-Srasra, N. & Srasra, E. 2020. Effect of acid activation on the CO2 adsorption capacity of montmorillonite. Adsorption, 26(5), 793-811.
Isalou, S. K. & Ghorbanpour, M. 2019. Catalytic activity of Fe-modified bentonite in heterogeneous photo-fenton process. Desalination and Water Treatment, 162, 376-382.
Kausar, A., Iqbal, M., Javed, A., Aftab, K., Bhatti, H. N. & Nouren, S. 2018. Dyes adsorption using clay and modified clay: a review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 256, 395-407.
Kavcı, E. 2021. Adsorption of Direct Red 243 dye onto clay: kinetic study and isotherm analysis. Desalination and Water Treatment, 212, 452-461.
Khan, M. I. 2020. Adsorption of methylene blue onto natural Saudi Red Clay: isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Materials Research Express, 7(5), 055507.
Linh, H. X., Thu, N. T., Toan, T. Q., Huong, D. T., Giang, B. T., Ha, H. K. P., et al. 2019. Fast and effective route for removing methylene blue from aqueous solution by using red mud-activated graphite composites. Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 2858170.
Manyangadze, M., Chikuruwo, N., Chakra, C., Narsaiah, T. Radhakumari, M. & Danha, G. 2020. Enhancing adsorption capacity of nano-adsorbents via surface modification: a review. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31(1), 25-32.
Mirza, N. R., Huang, R., Du, E., Peng, M., Pan, Z., Ding, H., et al. 2020. A review of the textile wastewater treatment technologies with special focus on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane separation and integrated AOP-membrane processes. Desalination and Water Treatment, 206, 83-107.
Najafi, H., Farajfaed, S., Zolgharnian, S., Mirak, S. H. M., Asasian-Kolur, N. & Sharifian, S. 2021. A comprehensive study on modified-pillared clays as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment processes. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 147, 8-36.
Rahman, A., Urabe, T. & Kishimoto, N. 2013. Color removal of reactive procion dyes by clay adsorbents. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 17, 270-278.
Rashid, R., Shafiq, I., Akhter, P., Iqbal, M. J. & Hussain, M. 2021. A state-of-the-art review on wastewater treatment techniques: the effectiveness of adsorption method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(8), 9050-9066.
Rehman, M. S. U., Munir, M., Ashfaq, M., Rashid, N., Nazar, M. F. Danish, M., et al. 2013. Adsorption of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution onto red clay. Chemical Engineering Journal, 228, 54-62.
Riaz, N., Sultan, M., Miyazaki, T., Shahzad, M. W., Farooq, M., Sajjad, U. et al. 2021. A review of recent advances in adsorption desalination technologies. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 128, 105594.
Seow, T. W., Lim, C. K., Nor, M. H. M., Mubarak, M., Lam, C. Y., Yahya, A., et al. 2016. Review on wastewater treatment technologies. International Journal of Applied Environment Science, 11(1), 111-126.
Shayegh, R. & Ghorbanpour, M. 2020. A new approach for the preparation of iron oxide-pillared bentonite as adsorbent of dye. Desalination and Water Treatment, 183, 404-412.
Sivashankar, R., Sathya, A., Vasantharaj, K. & Sivasubramanian, V. 2014. Magnetic composite an environmental super adsorbent for dye sequestration–a review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 1, 36-49.
Valenzuela Díaz, F. R. & Souza Santos, P. D. 2001. Studies on the acid activation of Brazilian smectitic clays. Química Nova, 24(3), 345-353.
Wang, X., Cheng, H., Ye, G., Fan, J., Yao, F., Wang, Y., et al. 2022. Key factors and primary modification methods of activated carbon and their application in adsorption of carbon-based gases: a review. Chemosphere, 287, 131995.
Yosofi, M. & Ghorbanpour, M. 2020. Optimum dioxide titanium nanoparticles in dioxide titanium/bentonite composite for sonophotocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange dye. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(12), 13-26. (In Persian)