تبیین رفتارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب به کمک تئوری رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده توسعه‌یافته (مطالعه موردی شهر اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مطالعه موردی

نویسندگان

1 دکترا، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

5 دکترا، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

اگرچه تشویق خانوارها به پذیرش رفتارهای حفاظت از آب، به‌عنوان یک استراتژی مؤثر در تأمین آب پایدار، توجه مدیریت تقاضای آب را به خود جلب کرده، اما موفقیت در چنین سیاست‌هایی به پذیرش داوطلبانه افراد وابسته است. با توجه به نقش مهم روانشناسی در تبیین رفتار انسان، این پژوهش به بررسی عوامل اساسی اجتماعی- روانشناختی مؤثر بر پذیرش رفتارهای حفاظت از آب خانگی و چگونگی تبیین این رفتارها به‌کمک توسعه تئوری رفتار، برنامه‌ریزی شده و با اضافه کردن متغیر عادت، به مدل اصلی این تئوری پرداخت. در این پژوهش که صرفاً بر روی رفتارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب (حفاظت رفتاری) متمرکز بود، 343 نفر از شهروندان شهر اصفهان شرکت کردند. در این راستا، یک پژوهش پیمایشی به کمک یک پرسش‌نامه ساختاریافته به‌عنوان ابزار پژوهش، انجام و از روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نیز برای تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که با اضافه کردن متغیر عادت به تئوری رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده، مدل توسعه‌یافته قادر است به‌ترتیب 75 و 51 درصد از واریانس تمایل به انجام رفتارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب و نیز رفتارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب را پیش‌بینی کند. بر اساس یافته‌ها، متغیرهای نگرش و کنترل رفتاری درک‌ شده، رابطه مثبت معنی‌داری با تمایل داشتند که از این بین نگرش، دارای بیشترین قدرت پیش‌بینی تمایل به انجام رفتارهای حفاظت از آب خانگی بود. علاوه بر این، متغیرهای عادت و تمایل، رابطه مثبت معنی‌داری با رفتارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب داشتند که متغیر عادت، مهم‌ترین عامل تعیین‌کننده رفتار بود. این در حالی است که متغیر هنجار ذهنی، بر تمایل و متغیر کنترل رفتاری درک ‌شده، بر رفتار تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت. در نهایت، به سیاست‌گذاران پیشنهاد می‌شود که کمپین‌های آگاهی‌بخشی و آموزشی با هدف (1) ایجاد نگرش مثبت نسبت به رفتارهای حفاظت از آب در میان خانوارها، (2) افزایش خودکارآمدی و اعتماد‌به‌نفس آنها در انجام این‌گونه رفتارها و (3) بهبود و یا تغییر عادات رفتاری حفاظت از آب آنها، طراحی و پیاده‌سازی کنند تا بتوانند تمایلات و رفتارهای حفاظت از آب را در بین خانوارها ارتقا بخشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining Water Curtailment Behaviors Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (Case Study of Isfahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Ahmadreza Shahangian 1
  • Massoud Tabesh 2
  • Masoud Yazdanpanah 3
  • Mohammad Amin Raoof 4
  • Tahere Zobeidi 5
1 PhD., School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Prof., School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
4 MSc., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
5 PhD., Dept. of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Encouraging households to adopt residential water conservation behaviors, as an efficient strategy for sustainable water supply, has caught the attention of water demand management. However, the success of such policies depends on the voluntary acceptance of these measures by urban households. Considering the important role of psychology in explaining human behavior, the present research explored the key socio-psychological factors underlying the household adoption of WCBs and how these behaviors can be explained by expanding the theory of planned behavior via adding the habit variable to the TPB’s main model. In the current study, which focuses solely on water curtailment behaviors (behavioral conservation), 343 Isfahan citizens participated. In this regard, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire, as a research instrument, and the structural equation modeling method was also applied for data analysis. The results revealed that, by adding the habit variable to the TPB's main model, the extended model can predict 75% and 51% in the variance of intention to adopt water curtailment behaviors and water curtailment behaviors, respectively. Based on the findings, the attitude and perceived behavioral control variables had a significant positive relationship with intention, whereby attitude had the most predictive power of intention to adopt water curtailment behaviors. Moreover, the habit and intention variables were significantly and positively related to water curtailment behaviors, of which habit was the most important determinant of behavior. However, subjective norm had no significant relationship with intention, and perceived behavioral control was not significantly related to behavior. Finally, policymakers are advised to develop and implement awareness-raising and education campaigns aimed at (1) creating positive attitude toward WCBs among urban households, (2) increasing their self-efficacy and self-confidence in performing these actions, and (3) improving and/or changing their water conservation habits in order to improve WCBs among urban households.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Conservation
  • Theory of Planned Behavior
  • Habit
  • Structural Equation Modeling
  • Environmental Psychology
  • Water Demand Management

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مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 33، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 140
مرداد و شهریور 1401
صفحه 58-76

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