احصای مراکز کلیدی آسیب‌پذیر شهر همدان در برابر سیلاب با استفاده از نرم‌افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS و مدل‌سازی رودخانه‌ها HEC-RAS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه جغرافیا علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره)، شهر ری، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده فنی مهندسی و علوم و فنون، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سیلاب‌‌های شهری بر اثر تغییرات اقلیمی و رشد شهرنشینی و محدودیت در زهکشی زیرساخت‌های شهری تشدید شده‌اند. طی دهه‌های گذشته اثرات منفی زیادی از جمله آسیب‌پذیری مراکز کلیدی را برجای گذاشته‌اند. آسیب‌پذیری مراکز کلیدی شهری در حوادث و سوانح طبیعی سبب ناکارآمدی آنها، تشدید نارضایتی عمومی و عدم‌خدمات‌رسانی در حوادث می‌شود. به‌منظور تاب‌آورسازی مراکز کلیدی لازم است ابتدا مراکز مهم شناسایی شده و آسیب‌پذیری آنها در مخاطرات و تهدیدهای مختلف بررسی شوند. معیارها و زیر معیارهای سطح‌بندی و ارزیابی دارایی‌ها پس از تنظیم پرسش‌نامه و گردآوری نتایج با استفاده از وارد کردن میانگین حسابی نظرات نمونه با تکنیک AHP در نرم‌افزار Expert Choice وزن‌دهی شدند و سپس مراکز کلیدی شهر مشخص شدند. هیدرولوژی درون‌شهری و برون‌شهری و مدل‌سازی رودخانه‌های شهر همدان در دوره بازگشت‌های مختلف با استفاده از نرم‌افزار HEC_RAS بررسی شد. سپس نتایج به GIS منتقل شد و پهنه‌بندی خطر سیلاب شهر همدان مشخص شد. پس از وارد کردن میانگین حسابی نظرات نمونه در نرم‌افزار Expert Choice وزن هر شاخص به تفکیک مشخص شد که نشان می‌دهد شاخص سطح کمّی بهره‌برداری، بیشترین وزن و ارزش اقتصادی دارایی، کمترین وزن را دارد. در نهایت با انطباق مراکز کلیدی و پهنه‌های خطرپذیر سیلاب در بستر GIS مراکز آسیب‌پذیر احصا شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Key Centers of Vulnerability in the City of Hamedan Against Floods Using GIS Software and River Modeling HEC_RAS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Roohi Asl 1
  • Mahnaz MirzaEbrahimTehrani 2
  • Alireza Estelaji 3
  • Mohamad Reza Farzad Behtash 4
1 PhD Student, Dept. of Environmental Management, Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Management, Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Geography Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Memorial Branch, Shahr-e-Rey, Tehran, Iran
4 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architectural Engineering-Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Urban floods have been exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and limited drainage of urban infrastructure. Over the past decades, they had many negative effects, including the vulnerability of key centers. The vulnerability of key urban centers through man-made hazards and natural disasters causes their inefficiency, intensifies public dissatisfaction and lack of service in accidents. In order to make key centers resilient, it is necessary to identify important centers and examine their vulnerability to various hazards and threats. Criteria and sub-criteria for grading and evaluation of assets were weighted by AHP technique in Expert Choice software and then the key centers of the city were identified. Intra-Urban and extra-Urban hydrology and modeling of rivers in Hamadan in different return periods were studied by using HEC-RAS software. Next, the results were transferred to GIS and flood risk zoning of Hamadan was determined. After entering the average sample comments in Expert Choice software, the weight of each index was determined separately, which shows that the quantitative level of utilization index has the highest weight and the economic value of the asset has the lowest weight. Finally, with the adaptation of key centers and flood risk zones in GIS, vulnerable centers were identified.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vulnerability
  • Key Centers
  • Hamedan
  • Passive Defense
  • Flood
Abdullah Khani, A. 2007. Threats to National Security (Cognition and Method). Publications of Abrar Contemporary International Cultural Studies and Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Amirahmadi, A. Behniafar, A. & Ebrahimi, M. 2012. Microzonation of flood risk within the city of Sabzevar in order to sustainable urban development. Environmental Based on Territorial Planning, 5(16), 17-32. (In Persian)
Azamorad, M. 2010. Investigation of flooding due to permeability and runoff from geological formations in the catchment) (case study of the catchment of Kardeh Dam in Mashhad). 6th National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering and 4th National Conference on Erosion and Sedimentation, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Hutanu, E., Mihu-Pintilie, A., Urzica, A., Paveluc, L. E., Stoleriu, C. C. & Grozavu, A. 2020. Using 1D HEC-RAS modeling and LiDAR data to improve flood hazard maps accuracy: a case study from Jijia Floodplain (NE Romania). Water, 12(6), 1624.
Jalali, G. H. 2012. Introduction to the Method and Model of Threat Assessment in Passive Defense. 1st Ed, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Khosropour, A. 2003. General Instructions for Grading Important Centers. Passive Defense Organization of the Country Pub., Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Ministry of Power. Meteorological and Hydrological Reports of Surface Water Plan of Hamadan City, 2019, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Modiri, M. Nosrati, Sh. & Karimi, H. 2015. Crisis management planning in urban management with a passive defense approach and using SWOT or MCDM techniques. Journal of Emergency Management, 4(94), 5-14. (In Persian)
Mohammadi deh Cheshme, M. 2013. Passive Urban Safety and Defense. Shahid Chamran University Pub., Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)
Movahedinia, J. 2006. Principles and Bases of Passive Defense. 3rd Ed., Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Pathan, A. I. & Agnihotri, P. G. 2021. Application of new HEC-RAS version 5 for 1D hydrodynamic flood modeling with special reference through geospatial techniques: a case of River Purna at Navsari, Gujarat, India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 7(2), 1133-1144.
Saeedi, A & Yavari, Y. 2012. Passive defense considerations in sample location study: Tehran Mosalla. National Conference on Explaining Passive Defense Engineering Systems and Management. Imam Hossein University. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Shadmani, M. 2011. Regional modeling of flood discharge in Hamedan province using artificial neural network. Water and Soil Conservation Research (Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 18(4), 21-42.
Sheykh Alishahi, N. Jamali, A. Hasanzade, M. 2016. Flood zoning using hydraulic model of river analysis (case study: Manshad catchment - Yazd province). Journal of Geographic Space, 16(53), 77-96. (In Persian)
Yamani, M. 2012. Determining flood zones using HES-RAS model upstream case study from Gling Bridge to Veshteh Bridge, Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 1(1), 1-16. (In Persian)
Yerramilli, S., 2012. A hybrid approach of integrating HEC-RAS and GIS towards the identification in the city of Jackson, MS. American Journal of Geographic Information System, 1(1), 7-16.
Zahedi Kolaki, E., Latifi, Gh. & Taghinejad, K. 2013. Defensive Pathology of Urban Structure Using AHP and GIS Hierarchical Analysis (Gorgan case study). Passive Defense Organization, Principles, Documents and Legal Requirements of Passive Defense Organization, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)