مطالعه کارایی حذف فلزات سرب و نیکل از پساب با استفاده از دو گونه گیاه لویی و علف هفت‌بند (مطالعه موردی: تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب غرب اهواز)

نوع مقاله : مطالعه موردی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه خاک‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به بحران کمبود آب استفاده مجدد از پساب شهری بسیار مهم و ضروری است. استفاده از گیاهان در فرایند تصفیه فاضلاب مناسب است و می‌تواند در کاهش و حذف آلودگی موجود در فاضلاب‌های شهری و روستایی کمک شایانی کند. این پژوهش در سال 1397 با هدف گیاه پالایی لویی و علف هفت‌بند در حذف فلزات سرب و نیکل از پساب تصفیه‌خانه شهر اهواز انجام شد. در این پژوهش از طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار استفاده شد و مراحل فعالیت‌های آزمایشگاهی در آزمایشگاه خاک‌شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز انجام شد. عناصر سنگین به روش جذب اتمی به کمک دستگاه PG Instruments Limited سنجش شدند. میانگین میزان سرب و نیکل در پساب شهر اهواز 35/96 و 57/102 میکروگرم در لیتر بود. میزان فلز سرب در تیمارهای بررسی شده در دامنه 85/17 تا 85/96 میکروگرم در لیتر و مقدار نیکل 91/18 تا 87/102 میکروگرم در لیتر به‌دست آمد. در این پژوهش در تیمار چهارم در زمان ماند 90، درصد حذف سرب و نیکل به وسیله گیاه لویی به‌ترتیب 66/62 و 18/70 درصد به دست آمد. همچنین کارایی حذف پارامترهای مورد بررسی به وسیله گیاه علف هفت‌بند نیز به‌ترتیب 26/29 و 22/44 درصد بود. مقدار جذب نیکل به‌وسیله گیاهان بالاتر از جذب فلز سرب بود. کارایی حذف فلزات سرب 66/62 و نیکل 18/70 از پساب شهری به‌وسیله گیاه لویی بیشتر از گیاه علف هفت‌بند به‌دست آمد. در مجموع گیاهان لویی و علف هفت‌بند توانایی گیاه پالایی فلزات سرب و نیکل را از پساب شهری داشتند، به‌طوری که مقدار این فلزات طی 90 روز زمان‌ماند در تیمار دوم و چهارم کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the Efficiency of Removal of Lead and Nickel Metals from Effluent Using Two Species of Latifolica and Polygonum Aviculare (Case Study: West Ahwaz Wastewater Treatment Plant)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Moteraghi 1
  • Khoshnaz Payandeh 2
1 Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Dept. of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to the water shortage crisis, the reuse of municipal wastewater is essential. Planting plants in the wastewater treatment process is appropriate and can help to reduce and eliminate pollution in urban and rural wastewater. This study aimed to determine the phytoremediation of lead and nickel from Ahwaz wastewater treatment plant. In this study, a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications was used, and the laboratory activities were performed in the soil laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption method and PG Instruments Ltd. The average amount of lead and nickel in the effluent of Ahvaz was 96.35 and 102.57 μg/kg. The amount of lead metal in the studied treatments was 17.85-96.86 ppb, and nickel content was 18.91- 102.87 ppb. In this study, the percentage of the Lewis plant's removal of lead and nickel was 62.66% and 70.18%, respectively. Also, the removal efficiency of the studied parameters by the seven herbaceous plants was 29.26% and 44.22%, respectively. The amount of nickel adsorbed by plants was higher than that of lead metal. The removal efficiency of lead and nickel metals from municipal effluent obtained by Typha Latifolica was higher than Polygonum aviculare. In total, Typha Latifolica and Polygonum aviculare plants had the ability to purify lead and nickel metals from urban effluents so that the amounts of these metals were reduced in the second and fourth treatments within 90 days.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nickel
  • Lead
  • Typha Latifolica
  • Polygonum Aviculare
  • Municipal Wastewater
  • Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abdulkhani, R. & Abboud, J. 2015. Determination of nickel metal accumulation in Typha Latifolia (Typha Latifolia) and sediments in Shavoor River. 1st National Conference on Iranian Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. 1-5. (In Persian)
Abdulkhani, R., Savari, A., Neysi, A. S. & Maroon, J. 2015. Determination of the role of Typha Latifolia and sediments in refining and bioaccumulation of lead metal in Shawor river in winter, spring, summer, and autumn. 3rd Conference on Environmental Planning and Management. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Ali, H., Khan, E. & Sajad, M. A. 2013. Phytoremediation of heavy metals-concepts and applications. Chemosphere, 91, 869-881.
Ali, S., Abbas, Z., Rizwan, M., Zaheer, I. E., Yavaş, İ., Ünay, A., et al. 2020. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of heavy metals polluted water: a review. Sustainability, 12(5), 1927.
Bahrami, S., Sodaeizadeh, H., Irannejad Parizi, M. H., Sotodeh, A. & Mandegari, A. 2015. Feasibility and risk assessment of use of treated wastewater in agriculture (case study: Yazd wastewater treatment plant). Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2(7), 25-34. (In Persian)
Bawiec, A. 2019. Efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal in hydroponic wastewater treatment plant. Environmental Technology, 40, 2062-2072.
Chanu, L. B. & Gupta, A. 2016. Phytoremediation of lead using Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in hydroponic solution. Chemosphere, 156, 407-411.
Deng, H., Ye, Z. & Wong, M. H. 2004. Accumulation of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China. Environmental Pollution, 132, 29-40.
El-Khatib, A., Hegazy, A. & Abo-El-Kassem, A. M. 2014. Bioaccumulation potential and physiological responses of aquatic macrophytes to Pb pollution. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16, 29-45.
Eskandari, B. S., Ghaderian, S. M. & Schat, H. 2017. The role of nickel (Ni) and drought in serpentine adaptation: contrasting effects of Ni on osmoprotectants and oxidative stress markers in the serpentine endemic, Cleome heratensis, and the related non-serpentinophyte, Cleome foliolosa. Plant and Soil, 417, 183-195.
Ghaneeyan, M. T. 2004. Use of plants in the removal of heavy metals in water and wastewater. Journal of Water and Environment, 59, 44-51. (In Persian)
Ghosh, M. & Singh, S. 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of it’s by products. Asian Journal of Energy and Environment, 6, 214-231.
Hamidian, A. H. 2016. An investigation of the possibility of mercury phytoremediation from Bandar Imam Chlor-alkali plants' wastewater using Phragmites australis. Journal of Natural Environment, 69(1), 95-105.
(In Persian)
Haritash, A., Sharma, A. & Bahel, K. 2015. The potential of Canna lily for wastewater treatment under Indian conditions. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 17, 999-1004.
Hashemzadeh, F., Hassani, A. H. & Ghaiomi, R. 2020. Studying efficiency of basil plant in removal of mercury metal from aqueous solution. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 31(3), 128-137. (In Persian)
Hoseini, M. N. & Hojjati, M. 2019. The phytoremediation of Nickel ion-containing aqueous solution by Egyptian lotus and Cyperus alternifolius. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 30(6), 99-106. (In Persian)
Jampeetong, A., Brix, H. & Kantawanichkul, S. 2012. Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth, morphology, nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia cucullata, Ipomoea aquatica, Cyperus involucratus and Vetiveria zizanioides). Aquatic Botany, 97, 10-16.
Jokar, M., Rostami Shahraji, T., Mohammadi, M. & Goleij, A. 2017. Using hydrophilic tree species for the biological removal of cadmium in contaminated environments. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 28(4), 70-78. (In Persian)
Khoshnavaz, S. 2017. Reduction of BOD5 from contaminated water using wheatweed in surface flow artificial wetland. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 6(4), 57-45. (In Persian)
Khosravi, A. R. & Poormahdi, S. 2008. Polygonum khajeh-jamali (Polygonaceae), a new species from Iran.  Annales Botanici Fennici, BioOne, 477-480.
Kumar, Y. P., King, P. & Prasad, V. 2006. Removal of copper from aqueous solution using Ulva fasciata sp.-a marine green algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137, 367-373.
Kumari, M. & Tripathi, B. 2015. Efficiency of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 112, 80-86.
Landesman, L., Fedler, C. & Duan, R. 2010. Plant nutrient phytoremediation using duckweed. In Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Leiviskä, T., Khalid, M. K., Sarpola, A. & Tanskanen, J. 2017. Removal of vanadium from industrial wastewater using iron sorbents in batch and continuous flow pilot systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 190, 231-242.
Lim, L. B., Priyantha, N., Tennakoon, D. & Dahri, M. K. 2012. Biosorption of cadmium (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by core of Artocarpus odoratissimus. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 3250-3256.
Liu, J., Zhang, Z., Yu, Z., Liang, Y., Li, X. & Ren, L. 2018. Experimental study and numerical simulation on the structural and mechanical properties of Typha leaves through multimodal microscopy approaches. Micron, 104, 37-44.
Malakootian, M. & Haratinezhad, A. 2013. Survey efficiency of heavy metals adsorption (Cu, Cd and Pb) in aqueous solution on the saffron leaves and determine the adsorption isotherms. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, 1(3), 15-23. (In Persian)
Meharg, A. 1994. Integrated tolerance mechanisms: constitutive and adaptive plant responses to elevated metal concentrations in the environment. Plant, Cell and Environment, 17, 989-993.
Moattar, F., Javadi, E., Karbassi, A. & Monavvari, S. M. 2011. Surveying on decontamination effect of water lily (Nymphaea alba) for heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Mn) in liquid solution. Human and Environment, 16, 41-50.
(In Persian)
Mousa, W., Soliman, S., El-Bialy, A. & Shier, H. A. 2013. Removal of some heavy metals from aqueous solution using rice straw. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9, 1696-1701.
Mulkeen, C., Williams, C., Gormally, M. & Healy, M. 2017. Seasonal patterns of metals and nutrients in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel in a constructed wetland in the west of Ireland. Ecological Engineering, 107, 192-197.
Naghipour, D., Ashrafi, S. D., Gholamzadeh, M., Taghavi, K. & Naimi-Joubani, M. 2018. Phytoremediation of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) by Azolla filiculoides from aqueous solution: a dataset. Data in Brief, 21, 1409-1414.
Parneyan, A., Chorom, M., Haghighi-Fard, N. J. & Dinarvand, M. 2011. Phytoremediation of nickel from hydroponic system by hydrophyte coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 2, 75-85.
Raskin, I. & Ensley, B. D. 2000. Phytoremediation of toxic metals, John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.
Rezai, N. & Barkhordar, B. 2014. The ability of Azolla filiculoides in removing heavy metals (Cr+ 3, Cu+2, Ni+2). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(1), 67-73. (In Persian)
Roomiani, L., Hakimi, M. R. & Jalili, S. 2015. Study of Phytoremediation of aquatic plants of Dez river (Potamogeton crispus),(Ceratophyllum demersum),(Polygonum hydropiper) and (Phragmites australis) for bioaccumulation heavy metals Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 7(23), 29-38. (In Persian)
Salehzadeh, M. & Rezaie, H. 2017. Performance removal nitrate and phosphate from treated municipal wastewater using Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia aquatic plants. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 47(3), 59-67. (In Persian)
Samimi Loghmani, S. & Abbaspour, A. 2014. Effect of aquatic plants on phosphorus removal and electrical conductivity decrease in municipal effluent. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 25(2), 93-98. (In Persian)
Sayadi, M. H. 2017. Investigation of performance horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for lead removal from wastewater. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology 9(32), 83-90. (In Persian)
Sayadi, M. H. & Kargar, R. 2014. Artificial wetlands, environmental options for wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(1), 57-65. (In Persian)
Sehar, S., Naeem, S., Perveen, I., Ali, N. & Ahmed, S. 2015. A comparative study of macrophytes influence on wastewater treatment through subsurface flow hybrid constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering, 81, 62-69.
Singh, A., Kumar, C. S. & Agarwal, A. 2013. Effect of lead and cadmium on aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 1027-1031.
Sukumaran, D. 2013. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent using constructed wetland technology. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1, 92-97.
Sumathi, M. & Vasudevan, N. 2018. Removal of phosphate by Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and alternating anaerobic–aerobic conditions. Environmental Technology, 39, 1071-1080.
Syukor, A. A., Sulaiman, S., Siddique, M. N. I., Zularisam, A. & Said, M. 2016. Integration of phytogreen for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3124-3131.
Taheri, G. S., Moazed, H., Boroomandnasab, S. & Jaafarzadeh, N. 2015. Effect of reed and hydraulic retention time on the lead removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Journal of Environmental Studies, 40(4), 937-947. (In Persian)
Topal, M. & Arslan Topal, E. I. 2020. Phytoremediaton of priority substances (Pb and Ni) by Phragmites australis exposed to poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 22, 857-862.
Wang, L., Lin, H., Dong, Y. & He, Y. 2018. Effects of cropping patterns of four plants on the phytoremediation of vanadium-containing synthetic wastewater. Ecological Engineering, 115, 27-34.
Yadav, A., Kataria, A., Singh, K., Mathur, K., Goswami, S. & Haritash, A. 2015. Seasonal assessment of trophic state of a Palustrine water body. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 4(3), 37-40
Zeng, G., He, Y., Zhan, Y., Zhang, L., Pan, Y., Zhang, C., et al. 2016. Novel polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiltration membrane blended with functionalized halloysite nanotubes for dye and heavy metal ions removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 317, 60-72.
Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Zhou, Y., Gong, T., Wang, J. & Ge, Y. 2013. Enhanced phytoremediation of mixed heavy metal (mercury)–organic pollutants (trichloroethylene) with transgenic alfalfa co-expressing glutathione S-transferase and human P450 2E1. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 260, 1100-1107.