حفاظت از آب‌ها در منازعات مسلحانه از منظر قواعد حقوق بشردوستانه بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

در منازعات مسلحانه، منابع آبی در معرض تخریب و آلودگی گسترده قرار دارند. امروزه حفاظت از آب و منابع آبی در هنگام بروز منازعات مسلحانه اهمیت زیادی دارد. منابع آبی می‌توانند به‌عنوان ابزار جنگی استفاده شوند، همچنین منبع مهمی برای تداوم شرایط حیاتی و بقای غیرنظامیان به‌شمار می‌روند. این سوال اساسی مطرح است که در حقوق بشردوستانه چه قواعدی برای حفاظت از آب‌ها در خلال منازعات مسلحانه وجود دارد؟ به‌اختصار می‌توان گفت، در مجموعه حقوق بشردوستانه بین‌المللی هرچند قواعد اندکی برای حمایت از آب‌ها در منازعات مسلحانه وجود دارد، ولی می‌توان به برخی از قواعد و اسناد در این زمینه اشاره کرد. از جمله مهم‌ترین این قواعد می‌توان به، ممنوعیت مسموم کردن آب، ممنوعیت حمله به تأسیسات آبی، تضمین حق بر آب آشامیدنی اسیران جنگی، ممنوعیت استفاده از نیروی آب به‌عنوان سلاح مخرب و در نهایت ممنوعیت حمله به آن دسته از منابع آبی که برای حیات و بقای جمعیت غیرنظامی لازم و ضروری است، اشاره کرد. هدف اساسی این پژوهش این است که برای نخستین بار در ادبیات فارسی حقوقی به بررسی و تحلیل قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه ناظر بر حمایت از آب‌ها بپردازد و برای مخاطبان اصلی یعنی دولت‌ها و حقوق‌دانان بین‌المللی زمینه تدوین و توسعه قواعد را فراهم کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Protection in Armed Conflicts from the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Mashhadi
Assoc. Prof., of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water resources in the armed conflict are facing extensive destruction and pollution. Today, protection of water and water resources has become increasingly important during armed conflict. Water resources can be used as a means of warfare, and are also an important source of sustaining civilian life and survival. The key question is, what are the rules in humanitarian law to protect waters during armed conflict? In short, although there are few rules for protecting waters in armed conflict, there are some rules and documents in international humanitarian law. The most important of these rules are: prohibition of water pollution, prohibition of attack on water facilities, guarantee of drinking water rights of prisoners, prohibition of using water as a destructive weapon, and finally the prohibition of attacks on those water resources, which is necessary for the survival of the civilian population. The main purpose of this paper is that for the first time in Persian literature review and analysis of the rules of international humanitarian law concerning the protection of waters and, for the main audience of governments and international lawyers to develop and provide these rules.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water
  • Armed Conflicts
  • International Humanitarian Law
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