مجله آب و فاضلاب

مجله آب و فاضلاب

ارزیابی ریسک زیست‌محیطی و شاخص خطر سلامت انسان در رودخانه گرگان‌رود توسط حشره‌کش‌های پیرتروئیدی

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علی حشمت‌پور 1
یوسف محمدیان 2
1 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، گلستان، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، گلستان، ایران
10.22093/wwj.2026.568185.3538
چکیده
سایپرمترین و پرمترین دو ترکیب پرمصرف از حشره‌کش‌های پیرتروئیدی در کشاورزی و مدیریت آفات خانگی هستند که به دلیل پایداری نسبی و تمایل بالا در اتصال به ذرات رسوبی، می‌توانند از طریق فاضلاب شهری و رواناب‌های کشاورزی وارد منابع آب سطحی شوند. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی ریسک زیست‌محیطی و شاخص خطر سلامت انسان بر مبنای غلظت‌های سموم سایپرمترین و پرمترین در رودخانه گرگان رود بود. نمونه‌برداری در پنج ایستگاه و در دو فصل بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۳ با تکرار 3 بار در هفته انجام شد. بعد از استخراج فاز جامد، آنالیز نمونه‌ها توسط دستگاه HPLC انجام شد. حد تشخیص بر اساس نسبت سیگنال به نویز (S/N=3) و با استفاده از داده‌های دستگاه HPLC استفاده شده در این پژوهش تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که پرمترین در هیچ‌یک از نمونه‌ها وجود نداشت، درحالی‌که سایپرمترین از ایستگاه بالادست به پایین‌دست رودخانه خصوصاً در تابستان روند افزایشی داشت (حداکثر ppm 43/0). بعلاوه، افزایش غلظت سایپرمترین با افزایش EC، TDS، دمای آب و کاهش اکسیژن محلول همراه بود. ارزیابی ریسک زیست‌محیطی نشان داد که در فصل تابستان نسبت PEC/PNEC در ایستگاه بصیرآباد به آستانه هشدار نزدیک شده است (22/0)، درحالی‌که سایر ایستگاه‌ها در سطح ریسک پایین‌تری قرار داشتند. شاخص خطر سلامت برای انسان در همه ایستگاه‌ها کمتر از 1 بود و نشان‌دهنده خطر غیر سرطانی مستقیم از طریق مصرف آب بود. این پژوهش با ارائه شواهد تجربی، لزوم مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب برای کاهش مواجهه اکولوژیک با پیرتروئیدها را برجسته می‌کند و بر ضرورت تدوین راهبردهای مدیریتی مبتنی بر پایش مستمر و کاهش بار آلاینده‌ها در رودخانه گرگان رود تأکید دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
سایپرمترین
رودخانه گرگان رود
پرمترین
ارزیابی ریسک
رواناب شهری و کشاورزی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Environmental Risk Assessment and Human Health Hazard Index in the Gorgan Rood River by Pyrethroid Insecticides

نویسندگان English

Ali Heshmatpour 1
Yusuf Mohammadian 2
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
2 Graduate, Dept. of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
چکیده English

Cypermethrin and permethrin are two widely used pyrethroid insecticides in agriculture and household pest management, which can enter surface water sources through urban sewage and agricultural runoff due to their relative stability and high tendency to bind to sediment particles. The aim of the present study was to assess the environmental risk and human health hazard index based on the concentrations of cypermethrin and permethrin toxins in the Gorgan Rood River. Sampling was conducted at five stations and in two seasons, spring and summer 2024, repeated 3 times a week. After solid phase extraction, the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The limit of detection was determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N=3) and using data from the HPLC instrument used in this study. The results showed that permethrin was not present in any of the samples, while cypermethrin increased from the upstream station to the downstream, especially in summer (maximum 0.43 ppm). In addition, the increase in cypermethrin concentration was accompanied by an increase in EC, TDS, water temperature, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen. The environmental risk assessment showed that in the summer season, the PEC/PNEC ratio at Basirabad station approached the warning threshold (0.22), while other stations were at a lower risk level. The health hazard quotient for humans at all stations was less than 1, indicating a direct non-carcinogenic risk through water consumption. This study, by providing empirical evidence, highlights the need for integrated water resources management to reduce ecological exposure to pyrethroids and emphasizes the need to develop management strategies based on continuous monitoring and reduction of pollutant loads in the Gorgan Rood River.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cypermethrin
Gorgan Rood River
Permethrin
Risk Assessment
Urban and Agricultural Runoff
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مجله آب و فاضلاب

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انتشار آنلاین از 24 آبان 1404