مجله آب و فاضلاب

مجله آب و فاضلاب

An Overview of the Technological Advancement of Wastewater Treatment for Effluent Reuse in South Africa: a Meta-Analysis

نوع مقاله : مقالات مروری

نویسندگان
Terry Takalani Phungela 1
Babalwa Gqomfa 2
Karabo Concelia Malakane 3
Benett Siyabonga Madonsela 2
Mpho Charles Makgatha 4
Thabang Maphanga 2
Sinalo Xolisile Grangxabe 2
1 Environmental Officer, Dept. of Water and Sanitation, 35 Brown Street, Mbombela, RSA
2 Lecturer, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Corner of Hanover, and Tennant Street, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, RSA
3 Lecturer, University of Limpopo, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Dept. of Biodiversity, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727
4 Lecturer, Tshwane University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083
10.22093/wwj.2024.415717.3419
چکیده
South Africa's water resources have experienced significant negative effects resulting from poor quality effluent, posing a substantial threat to public health. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the existing technological condition of wastewater treatment and sanitary infrastructure in South Africa. The rationale for conducting this study was derived from the occurrence of a recent cholera outbreak. The research employed meta-analytical techniques to review information from sources such as published journals and reports from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar to investigate the impact of technological advancements in wastewater treatment and the condition of the state sanitary infrastructure in South Africa. The data was organized, summarized, and presented using basic descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2019. The findings of the study reveal that ponds and lagoons have emerged as the predominant wastewater treatment technology in South Africa, with Activated Sludge technology being the second most commonly employed method. The current infrastructure is insufficient to manage the escalating volume of wastewater and the heightened water quality standards that arise from population growth and expanding industrial operations. Moreover, our study indicates that despite substantial financial allocation made by the government for the enhancement and restoration of infrastructure, the effective management of wastewater remains a persistent issue. South Africa should explore and allocate resources for emerging technologies for wastewater treatment such as membrane technology and membrane bioreactor technology, which offer advantages such as treatment of high biomass concentrations, and smaller space requirement compared to traditional systems. Other benefits of these emerging treatments include lower hydraulic retention time, high effluent quality lower biosolids and higher volumetric loading. These advantages are more applicable in South Africa, since they require a smaller amount of area compared to other conventional treatment technologies, as rapid populating growth, coupled with urbanization, has led to a shortage of available land suitable for the construction of new wastewater treatment systems to accommodate development.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Effluent Quality
Green Drop Certification Program
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sanitary Infrastructure
Water Services
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Reuse

عنوان مقاله English

An Overview of the Technological Advancement of Wastewater Treatment for Effluent Reuse in South Africa: a Meta-Analysis

نویسندگان English

Terry Takalani Phungela 1
Babalwa Gqomfa 2
Karabo Concelia Malakane 3
Benett Siyabonga Madonsela 2
Mpho Charles Makgatha 4
Thabang Maphanga 2
Xolisile Sinalo Grangxabe 2
1 Environmental Officer, Dept. of Water and Sanitation, 35 Brown Street, Mbombela, RSA
2 Lecturer, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Corner of Hanover, and Tennant Street, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, RSA
3 Lecturer, University of Limpopo, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Dept. of Biodiversity, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727
4 Lecturer, Tshwane University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083
چکیده English

South Africa's water resources have experienced significant negative effects resulting from poor quality effluent, posing a substantial threat to public health. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the existing technological condition of wastewater treatment and sanitary infrastructure in South Africa. The rationale for conducting this study was derived from the occurrence of a recent cholera outbreak. The research employed meta-analytical techniques to review information from sources such as published journals and reports from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar to investigate the impact of technological advancements in wastewater treatment and the condition of the state sanitary infrastructure in South Africa. The data was organized, summarized, and presented using basic descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2019. The findings of the study reveal that ponds and lagoons have emerged as the predominant wastewater treatment technology in South Africa, with Activated Sludge technology being the second most commonly employed method. The current infrastructure is insufficient to manage the escalating volume of wastewater and the heightened water quality standards that arise from population growth and expanding industrial operations. Moreover, our study indicates that despite substantial financial allocation made by the government for the enhancement and restoration of infrastructure, the effective management of wastewater remains a persistent issue. South Africa should explore and allocate resources for emerging technologies for wastewater treatment such as membrane technology and membrane bioreactor technology, which offer advantages such as treatment of high biomass concentrations, and smaller space requirement compared to traditional systems. Other benefits of these emerging treatments include lower hydraulic retention time, high effluent quality lower biosolids and higher volumetric loading. These advantages are more applicable in South Africa, since they require a smaller amount of area compared to other conventional treatment technologies, as rapid populating growth, coupled with urbanization, has led to a shortage of available land suitable for the construction of new wastewater treatment systems to accommodate development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Effluent Quality
Green Drop Certification Program
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sanitary Infrastructure
Water Services
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Reuse
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مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 34، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 149
بهمن و اسفند 1402
صفحه 74-88