مجله آب و فاضلاب

مجله آب و فاضلاب

تصفیه زیستی نیکوتین با استفاده از گرانول‌های هوازی در رآکتور ناپیوسته متوالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محدثه شهریاری 1
غلام خیاطی 2
1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی شیمی، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
10.22093/wwj.2024.445899.3403
چکیده
نیکوتین جزء مواد دارویی مخدر است که به‌طور گسترده‌ای در جهان مصرف می‌شود و به‌دلیل ماهیت سمّی و حلالیت بالای آن در آب، تهدیدی قابل‌توجه برای کیفیت آب است. در این پژوهش، به بررسی امکان تشکیل گرانول‌های هوازی از لجن فعال سازگار با نیکوتین و بررسی قابلیت گرانول‌های هوازی تشکیل شده برای تجزیه نیکوتین پرداخته شد. عملیات سازگارسازی منجر به تجزیه کامل 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نیکوتین شد. در نهایت غلظت نیکوتین و COD خروجی در پساب به‌ترتیب 3/4 و 53 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود و سیستم به کارایی حذف نیکوتین و COD به‌ترتیب 14/99 و 16/89 درصد دست یافت. همچنین در یک چرخه 6 ساعته ( 1 دقیقه پر شدن، 1 تا 10 دقیقه ته‌نشینی، 1 دقیقه تخلیه و زمان باقیمانده هوادهی)، گرانول‌هایی با قطر 2 تا 4 میلی‌متر و شکل بیرونی گرد تشکیل شد که استحکام زیادی داشتند. با گذشت 60 روز عملیات نسبت SVI30/SVI5 به 0/1 رسید. میزان محصولات پلیمری خارج سلولی و به خصوص محتوای پروتئین در لجن گرانوله بیشتر از لجن لخته بود و نسبت پروتئین به پلی‌ساکارید به 64/2 رسید. همچنین برای بررسی توانایی تجزیه و تحمل سمیّت نیکوتین توسط گرانول‌های هوازی، غلظت نیکوتین تا 2 برابر غلظت سازگار شده (1000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) افزایش یافت و بیورآکتور ناپیوسته گرانوله هوازی به بازدهی حذف COD 2/90 درصد رسید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
لجن فعال سازگار شده
گرانول هوازی
حذف زیستی نیکوتین
ضایعات تنباکو
رآکتور ناپیوسته متوالی

عنوان مقاله English

Biodegradation of Nicotine Using Aerobic Granules in Sequence Batch Reactor

نویسندگان English

Mohadeseh Shahriari 1
Gholam Khayati 2
1 PhD. Student of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده English

Nicotine is a substance widely consumed globally as a drug. Due to its toxic nature and high solubility in water, it poses a significant threat to water quality. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of forming aerobic granules from nicotine-acclimated activated sludge and examine the capability of these aerobic granules for nicotine degradation. The acclimation process led to the complete degradation of 500 mg/L of nicotine. Ultimately, the effluent concentrations of nicotine and COD were 3.4 mg/L and 53 mg/L, respectively, with the system achieving removal efficiencies of 99.14% for nicotine and 89.16% for COD. Additionally, a 6-hour cycle (1 minute filling, 10-1 minute settling, 1 minute discharge, and the remaining time for aeration) resulted in the formation of granules with diameters ranging from 2-4 millimeters and a round shape, exhibiting high strength. After 60 days, the SVI30/SVI5 ratio reached 1.0. The granular sludge showed higher extracellular polymeric substances and protein content compared to flocculent sludge, with a protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of 2.64. Furthermore, to assess the aerobic granules' ability to degrade and tolerate nicotine toxicity, the nicotine concentration was increased to twice the adapted concentration (1000 mg/L), resulting in a COD removal efficiency of 90.2% in the aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Acclimated Activated Sludge
Aerobic Granules
Nicotine Biodegradation
Tobacco Waste
Sequence Batch Reactor
Adav, S. S., Lee, D. J., Show, K. Y. and Tay, J. H., 2008. Aerobic granular sludge: recent advances. Biotechnology Advances, 26, 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.002.
American Public Health Association, 1926. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Vol. 6.
Chang, I. S. and Lee, C. H., 1998. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system-the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling. Desalination, 120, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00220-3.
De Franco, M. A. E., Da Silva, W. L., Bagnara, M., Lansarin, M. A. and Dos Santos, J. H. Z., 2014. Photocatalytic degradation of nicotine in an aqueous solution using unconventional supported catalysts and commercial ZnO/TiO2 under ultraviolet radiation. Science of The Total Environment, 494, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.139.
De Kreuk, M., Kishida, N. and Van Loosdrecht, M., 2007. Aerobic granular sludge–state of the art. Water Science and Technology, 55, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.244.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. T. and Smith, F., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28, 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017.
Gong, X., Ma, G., Duan, Y., Zhu, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, K. Q., et al. 2016. Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of nicotine in Rhodococcus sp. Y22. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2147-8.
Lazarevic, N., Adnadjevic, B. and Jovanovic, J., 2011. Adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solution onto hydrophobic zeolite type USY. Applied Surface Science, 257, 8017-8023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.04.076.
Liu, Y. Q., Maulidiany, N., Zeng, P. and Heo, S., 2021. Decolourization of azo, anthraquinone and triphenylmethane dyes using aerobic granules: acclimatization and long-term stability. Chemosphere, 263, 128312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.1283.
Lowry, O., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R., 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.
Maduro, R. M. and Aznar, M., 2007. Liquid-liquid equilibrium of ternary systems containing nicotine. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 259, 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2007.02.016.
Meng, X. J., Lu, L. L., Gu, G. F. and Xiao, M., 2010. A novel pathway for nicotine degradation by Aspergillus oryzae 112822 isolated from tobacco leaves. Research in Microbiology, 161, 626-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2010.05.017.
Peng, S. S. and Ling, N. S., 2017. Biodegradation of Phenol by unacclimated and phenol-acclimated activated sludge: effects of operational factors on biodegradation efficiency and kinetics. Journal of Physical Science, 28, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2017.28.3.4.
Rakić, V., Damjanović, L., Rac, V., Stošić, D., Dondur, V. and Auroux, A., 2010. The adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solutions on different zeolite structures. Water Research, 44, 2047-2057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.019.
Rodriguez, S., Santos, A. and Romero, A., 2011. Effectiveness of AOP's on abatement of emerging pollutants and their oxidation intermediates: nicotine removal with Fenton's reagent. Desalination, 280, 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.055.
Ruan, A., Gao, Y., Fang, C. and Xu, Y., 2018. Isolation and characterization of a novel nicotinophilic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. aRF‐1 and its metabolic pathway. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 65, 848-856. https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.1682.
Singhal, J. and Singh, R., 1976. Studies on the adsorption of nicotine on kaolinites. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22, 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1976.10432965.
Suksri, H. and Pongjanyakul, T., 2008. Interaction of nicotine with magnesium aluminum silicate at different pHs: characterization of flocculate size, zeta potential and nicotine adsorption behavior. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 65, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.02.016.
Wang, J. H., He, H. Z., Wang, M. Z., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Wei, W., et al. 2013. Bioaugmentation of activated sludge with Acinetobacter sp. TW enhances nicotine degradation in a synthetic tobacco wastewater treatment system. Bioresource Technology, 142, 445-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.067.
Wang, M., Yang, G., Min, H., Lv, Z. and Jia, X., 2009. Bioaugmentation with the nicotine-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 in a sequencing batch reactor treating tobacco wastewater: degradation study and analysis of its mechanisms. Water Research, 43, 4187-4196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.012.
Wang, S., Xu, P., Tang, H., Meng, J., Liu, X., Huang, J., et al. 2004. Biodegradation and detoxification of nicotine in tobacco solid waste by a Pseudomonas sp. Biotechnology Letters, 26(19), 1493-1496. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000044450.16235.65.
Yang, J. L. and Zhou, J. B., 2013. Adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solution by activated carbons prepared from Chinese fir sawdust. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 29, 377-384.
Zhang, H., Zhao, R., Huang, C., Li, J., Shao, Y., Xu, J., et al. 2019. Selective and faster nicotine biodegradation by genetically modified Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q in the presence of glucose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103, 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9445-z.
Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Shu, M., Sun, K., Zhao, L., Wang, C., et al. 2010. Degradation of nicotine in tobacco waste extract by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. ZUTSKD. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6935-6941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.142.
مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 151
خرداد و تیر 1403
صفحه 40-52