Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol Using Zero Valent Iron Activated Persulfate and Zero Valent Iron Activated Hydrogen Peroxide Processes under UV Irradiation: A Taguchi Experimental Design

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assoc. Prof., Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

2 Assoc. Prof., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

3 Assoc. Prof., Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

4 MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is one of the seriously toxic chlorophenol compounds found in the effluent wastewater generated by oil refineries, pharmaceutical factories, and paper and leather producers which introduced into surface and ground water resources. This research aimed to study the feasibility of nZVI nanoparticles in activation of H2O2 and persulfate under UVA-LED irradiation based on Taguchi experimental design for 4-CP removal. This experimental study was conducted using a lab-scale batch reactor equipped with 18 ultraviolet light emitting diodes lamps with a wavelength of 390 nm. The effects of operating parameters such as pH of solution, contact time, dosage of nZVI, dosages of H2O2 and persulfate and different initial 4-CP concentration were evaluted by difiend factor of 4*4 using Taghuchi L-16 orthogonal array. Based on the results of the Taguchi method, the optimum conditions for removal of 4-CP in nZVI activated persulfate process included the initial 4-CP concentration of 25 mg/L, pH=3, reaction time of 60 min, nZVI and persulafte respective dosages of 2 and 2 mM. The highest removal efficiency and S/N values for this process were 51.83% and 34.29%, respectively. Also, optimum conditions for removal of 4-CP in nZVI activated H2O2 process were the initial 4-CP concentration of 25mg/L, pH=3, reaction time of 30 min, nZVI and H2O2 dosages of 0.75 and 1 mM. In this condition, the highest removal efficiency and S/N values were 81.76% and 38.25%, respectively. In both processes in this case, under acidic conditions, an increase in the active catalyst (Fe2+) activated more and more oxidants (radical hydroxide and radical sulfate) in both reactants, resulting in better efficiency of processes in these conditions. UVA-LED/H2O2/nZVI process could serve as a new and feasible approach for the degradation of 4-CP as well as other organic contaminants containing wastewater due to high efficiency, low contact time and need to the lowest oxidants agents. UVA-LED/H2O2/nZVI process could serve as a new and feasible approach for the degradation of 4-CP as well as other organic contaminants containing in wastewater due to high efficiency, low contact time and need to the lowest oxidants agents.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, M., Ghanbari, F., Alvarez, A. & Martinez, S. S. 2017. UV-LEDs assisted peroxymonosulfate/Fe2+ for oxidative removal of carmoisine: The effect of chloride ion, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 34(8), 2154-2161.
Ao, X. & Liu, W. 2017. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by medium pressure UV and oxidants: Peroxymonosulfate, persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide, Chemical Engineering Journal, 313, 629-637.
Asgari, G., Maleki, S., Seid Mohammadi, A., Faradmal, J., & Lelli, M. 2017. Removal of furfural from industrial wastewater using electrocoaugulation process: A Taguchi experimental design, Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27, 306-321. (In Persian)
Babuponnusami, A. & Muthukumar, K. 2012. Advanced oxidation of phenol: A comparison between fenton, electro-fenton, sono-electro-fenton and photo-electro-fenton processes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 183, 1-9.
Carra, I., Perez, J. A. S., Malato, S., Autin, O., Jefferson, B. & Jarvis, P. 2015. Application of high intensity UVC-LED for the removal of acetamiprid with the photo-Fenton process, Chemical Engineering Journal, 264, 690-696.
Davididou, K., Monteagudo, J. M., Chatzisymeon, E., Duran, A. & Exposito, A. J. 2017. Degradation and mineralization of antipyrine by UV-A LED photo-fenton reaction intensified by ferrioxalate with addition of persulfate, Separation and Purification Technology, 172, 227-235.
Farrokhi, M., Kouti, M., Mousavi, G. R. & Takdastan, A. 2009. The study on biodegradability enhancement of landfill leachate by. Fenton oxidation, Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 2, 114-123.
Ghaneian, M., Ehrampoush, M., Ghanizadeh, G., Dehvary, M., Abootoraby, M. & Jasemizad, T. 2010. Application of solar irradiation/K2S2O8 photochemical oxidation process for the removal of reactive blue 19  dye fromaqueous solutions, Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3, 165-176.
Hao, F., Gua, W., Wang, A., Leng, Y. & Li, H. 2014. Intensification of sonochemical degradation of ammonium perfluorooctanoate by persulfate oxidant. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 21, 554-558.
Hidalgo, A., Leon, G., Gómez, M., Murcia, M., Gómez, E. & Gómez, J. 2013. Application of the Spiegler–Kedem–Kachalsky model to the removal of 4-chlorophenol by different nanofiltration membranes. Desalination, 315, 70-75.
Hofman-Caris, R. C.H.M., Harmsen, D. J.H., Beerendonk, E. F., Knol, T. H., Houtman, C. J., Metz, D. H., et al. 2012, Prediction of advanced oxidation performance in various pilot UV/H2O2 reactor systems with MP-and LP-and DBD-UV lamps, Chemical Engineering Journal, 210, 520-528.
Jamali, A., Vanraes, R., Hanselaer, P. & Van Gerven, T. 2013. A batch LED reactor for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 71, 43-50.
Lee, Y-C., Lo, S-L., Kuo, J. & Lin,Y-L.2012. Persulfate oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid under the temperatures of 20–40 C, Chemical Engineering Journal, 198, 27-32.
Liu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, S. & Pan, B. 2013. Application potential of carbon nanotubes in water treatment: A review, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25, 1263-1280.
Luo, C., Jiang, J., Ma, J., Pang, S., Liu, Y., Song, Y., et al. 2016. Oxidation of the odorous compound 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways, Water Research, 96, 12-21.
Maleki, A., Erfan, M., Mohammadi, A. S. & Ebrahimi, R. 2007. Application of commercial powdered activated carbon for adsorption of carbolic acid in aqueous solution, Pakistan Journal of Biologic Science, 10, 2348-2352.
Mohammadi, A. S., Asgari, G., Ebrahimi, A., Attar, H. M. & Sharifi, Z. 2013. Application of several advanced oxidation processes for degradation of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution, International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 2, 38.
Movahedyan, H., Mohammadi, A. S. & Assadi, A. 2009. Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes degrading p-chlorophenol in aqueous solution, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 6, 153-160.
Mustafa, Y. A. & Shihab, A. H. 2013. Removal of 4-chlorophenol from wastewater using a pilot-scale advanced oxidation process, Desalination and Water Treatment, 51, 6663-6675.
Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., Zhang, J., Liang, S., Ton-that, C. & Zhang, X. 2015. Typical low cost biosorbents for adsorptive removal of specific organic pollutants from water. Bioresource Technology, 182, 353-363.
Pan, Y., Zhou, M., Li, X., Xu, L., Tang, Z. & Liu, M. 2016. Fenton-like process (pre-magnetized Fe0/H2O2) for efficient degradation of organic pollutants. Separation and Purification Technology, 169, 83-92.
Pera-Titus, M., Garcı́a-Molina, V., Baños, M. A., Gimenez, J. & Esplugas, S. 2004. Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: A general review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 47, 219-256.
Poulopoulos, S., Korologos, C., Boulamanti, A. & Philippopoulos, C. 2007. Treatment of 2-chlorophenol aqueous solutions by wet oxidation. Water Research, 41, 1263-1268.
Seidmohammadi, A., Asgari, G., Poormohammadi, A., Ahmadian, M. & Rezaeivahidian, H. 2016. Removal of  phenol at high concentrations using UV/Persulfate from saline wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 19988-19995.
Seidmohammadi, A., Asgari, G. & Torabi, L. 2016. Removal of metronidazole using ozone activated persulfate from aqua solutions in presence of ultrasound. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26, 160-173.
Shen, J., Ou, C., Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Fang, K., Sun, X., et al, 2013. Pretreatment of 2, 4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) producing wastewater using a combined zero-valent iron (ZVI) reduction and fenton oxidation process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 260, 993-1000.
Singh, J., Yang, J.-K. & Chang, Y.-Y. 2016. Rapid degradation of phenol by ultrasound-dispersed nano-metallic particles (NMPs) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: A possible mechanism for phenol degradation in water. Journal of Environmental Management, 175, 60-66.
Verma, S. & Sillanpää, M. 2015. Degradation of anatoxin-a by UV-C LED and UV-C LED/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 274, 274-281.
Villhunen, S. H. & Sillanpää, M. E. 2009. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes and hydrogen peroxide in the photodegradation of aqueous phenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 1530-1534.
Wei, X., GAO, N., Li, C., Deng, Y., Zhou, S. & Li, L. 2016. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) activation of persulfate (PS) for oxidation of bentazon in water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 285, 660-670.
Weng, C.-H., Ding, F., Lin, Y.-T. & Liu, N. 2015. Effective decolorization of polyazo direct dye Sirius Red F3B using persulfate activated with Fe0 aggregate. Separation and Purification Technology, 147, 147-155.
Xu, L. & Wang, J. 2011. A heterogeneous fenton-like system with nanoparticulate zero-valent iron for removal of 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, 256-264.
Zazo, J. A., Pliego, G., Garcia-Munoz, P., Casas, J. A. & Rodriguez, J. J. 2016. UV-LED assisted catalytic wet peroxide oxidation with a Fe (II)-Fe (III)/activated carbon catalyst. AppliedCatalysis B: Environmental, 192, 350-356.
Zhang, W., Gao, H., HE, J., Yang, P., Wang, D., Ma, T., et al. 2017. Removal of norfloxacin using coupled synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with H2O2 system: Optimization of operating conditions and degradation pathway. Separation and Purification Technology, 172, 158-167.
Zou, X., Zhou, T., Mao, J. & Wu, X. 2014. Synergistic degradation of antibiotic sulfadiazine in a heterogeneous ultrasound-enhanced Fe 0/persulfate Fenton-like system. Chemical Engineering Journal, 257, 36-44.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Volume 30, Issue 2 - Serial Number 120
May and June 2019
Pages 76-90

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics