Investigation of Porous Structures for Protection of Pipelines against Water Hammer

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Hydraulic Structures, Department of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

2 Prof. of Hydraulic Structures, Department of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

This study was initiated to investigate the use of a porous structure in some parts of a pipeline to protect it against water hammer pressure wave. This study was inspired by the utilization of porous breakwaters which are commonly used to protect coastal areas.  To fulfill the main objective of the study, different porous structures were installed in an experimental pipeline fed by a pump. The water hammer was induced by an upstream valve. The homogeneous porous structures were made up of spherical beads or broken rocks in different sizes and filled them in pipes with different lengths and subject them under different water hammer conditions. Results obtained from this study showed that during the first cycle of water hammer wave, the ratio of maximum pressure downstream of porous structure to the corresponding value in upstream is between 0.6 to 0.95, respectively. This pressure difference decreased drastically in next cycles. Generally, it can be conclude that an insignificant protection gained from a porous structure in downstream from water hammer; however, the overall pressure fluctuations in the pipe filled with a porous structure was less than a fully open pipe under the same discharge rates and the same water hammer condition. The results showed that porous structures in particular condition could be used to control pressure oscillations in piplines and it is proposed to consider practical aspects of this idea in future researches.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Anderson, M.E. & Smith, J.M., 2014, "Wave attenuation by flexible, idealized salt marsh vegetation", Journal of Coastal Engineering, 83, 82-92.
Asiaban, P., Amir, E. & Tahmasebi nasab, M., 2015, "Simulation of water surface profile in vertically stratified rockfill dams", International Journal of Environmental Research, 9(4), 1193-1200.
Abbas, M.N., 2011, "Modeling of porosity equation for water flow through packed bed of monosize spherical packing", Journal of Engineering and Development, 15, 205-226.
Brunone, B., Karney, B.W., Mecarelli, M. & Ferrante, M., 2000, "Velocity profile and unsteady pipe friction in transient flow", Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 126(4), 236-244.
Chaudhry, M. H., 2014, Applied hydraulic transients, 3th Ed., Springer, New York.
Contractor, D.N., 1965, "The reflection of water hammer pressure wave from minor losses", Journal of Basic Engineering, 87 (2), 445-451.
Erdim, E., Akgiray, O. & Demir I., 2015, "A revisit of pressure drop-flow rate correlations for packed beds of spheres", Journal of Powder Technology, 283, 488-504.
Funk, J.E., Wood, D.J. & Chao, S.P., 1972, "The transient response of orifices and very short lines", Journal of Basic Engineering, 94 (2), 483-489.
Huang, L.H. & Chao, H.I., 1992, "Reflection and transmission of water wave by porous breakwater", Journal of Waterways Ports Coasts and Ocean Engineering, 118(5), doi: io.1061/(ASCE)0733-950.
Kim, Y.I., Simpson, A.R. & Lambert, M.F., 2007, "Behavior of orifices and blockages in unsteady pipe flow", 9th Annual Symposium on Water Distribution Systems Analysis, ASCE, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Macini, P., Mesini, E. & Viola R., 2011, "Laboratory measurements of non-Darcy flow coefficients in natural and artificial unconsolidated porous media", Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 77, 365-374.
Mitosek, M. & Szymkiewicz, R., 2016, "Reservoir influence on pressure wave propagation in steel pipes", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 142(8), doi: 10.1061/(ASCE) HY. 1943-7900. 0001140.
Mora-rodriguez, J., Delgado-galvan, X., Ortiz-medel, J., Ramos, H., Fuertes, V. & Lopez-jimenez, P., 2014, "CFD simulation of pathogen intrusion during hydraulic transients in water distribution networks", 7th International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software, San Diego, USA.
Rdige, S., 2010, Condensation induced water hammer events – potential consequences of allowing steam and sub-cooled water or slurry to mix, Mines Safety Bulletin No.92, Mineral House, Australia.
Sharp, B.B. & Sharp, D.B., 1996, Water hammer practical solutions, Butterworth-Heinemann publications, UK.
Stephenson, D., 1997, "Effect of air valves and pipework on water hammer pressures", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 123(2), 101-106.
Stephenson, D., 2002, "Simple guide for design of air vessels for water hammer protection of pumping lines", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128, 792-797.
Tijsseling, A.S., Lambert, M.F., Simpson, A.R., Stephens, M.L., Vitkovsky, J.P. & Bergant, A., 2008, "Skalak’s extended theory of water hammer", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 310, 718-728.
Vereide, K.V., 2016, "Hydraulics and thermodynamics of surge tanks for hydropower plant", PhD Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Volume 29, Issue 5 - Serial Number 117
November and December 2018
Pages 72-84

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics