1- Karney, B. W., and McInnis, D. (1992). “Efficient calculation of transient flow in simple pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(7), 1014–1030.
2- Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transients in systems, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
3- Gray, C. A. M. (1953). “The analysis of the dissipation of energy in water hammer.” Proc., ASCE, 119, Paper 274, 1176–1194.
4- Lai, C. (1962). “A study of water hammer including effect of hydraulic losses.” PhD. thesis, University of Michigan, USA.
5- Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1983). Hydraulic transients, 5th Ed., FEB Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
6- Chaudry, M. H. (1979). Applied hydraulic transients, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
7- Watters, G. Z. (1979). Modern analysis and control of unsteady flow in pipelines, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
8- Lansey, K. E., and Mays, L. W. (1989). “Optimization model for water distribution system design.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(10), 1401–1418.
9- Simpson, A. R., Dandy, G. C., and Murphy, L. J. (1994). “Genetic algorithms compared to other techniques for pipe optimization.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 120(4), 423-443.
10- Dandy, G. C., Simpson, A. R., and Murphy, L. J. (1996). “An improved genetic algorithm for pipe network optimization.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 32(2), 449–458.
11- Jung, B. S., and Karney, B. W. (2004). “Fluid transients and pipeline optimization using GA and PSO: The diameter connection.” Urban Water Journal, 1(2), 167–176.
12- Vanderplaats, Miura and Associates. (1994). <http://www.vrand.com/DOT.html>(SEP. 24, 2006).
13- Afshar, M. H., Afshar, A., and Marino, M. A. “An iterative penalty method for the optimal design of pipe networks.” submitted to the Int. J. Civil Eng.
14- Goldberg, D. E. (1989). “Genetic algorithms in search optimization and machine learning.” Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.