بررسی اثر اصلاح ساختاری فوم پلی‌یورتان با کربن فعال بر جذب آلاینده‌های نفتی از آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 دانشیار بیوتکنولوژی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی میزان جذب آلاینده‌های نفتی توسط فوم پلی‌یورتان و بررسی اثر اصلاح ساختاری آن با کربن فعال به‌صورت کامپوزیت بر درصد جذب و راندمان جذب آلاینده‌های نفتی بود. برای این کار ابتدا جاذب‌های خالص و کامپوزیت سنتز شدند و برای حذف نفت‌ خام از محلول‌های با غلظت‌های مختلف 20 تا 280 گرم در لیتر از نفت خام استفاده شد. نتایج آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که بهترین درصد وزنی کربن فعال در ساختار فوم پلی‌یورتان 5 درصد است که موجب افزایش درصد جذب تا 21 درصد شده است. حضور کربن فعال در ساختار فوم‌ها باعث افزایش شدید آب‌گریزی جاذب‌های کامپوزیت شد و راندمان جذب را در جاذب‌ کامپوزیت با 5 درصد کربن فعال تا 73 درصد در غلظت اولیه 20 گرم در لیتر از نفت خام افزایش داد. مطالعات تعادلی جذب نشان داد که برای تمامی جاذب‌ها، مدل‌های ردلیچ- پترسون و لانگمیر، داده‌های ایزوترم را بهتر توصیف می‌کنند. به‌منظور احیای جاذب‌ها از روش احیای شیمیایی با حلال‌های نفتی تولوئن و پترولیوم اتر استفاده شد که موجب افزایش راندمان و درصد جذب جاذب‌های فوم خالص و کامپوزیت شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Structural Modification of Polyurethane Foam by Activated Carbon on the Adsorption of Oil Contaminants from Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Ahmad Nikkhah 1
  • Hamid Zilouei 2
  • Ali Reza Keshavarz 1
1 . MSc Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
2 Assoc. Prof. of Environmental Biotechnology, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

This study investigates both the capacity of pure polyurethane foam in adsorbing oil contaminants and the effect of its structural modification by activated carbon (composite) on the performance of the foam in terms of adsorption capacity and efficiency. To this end, pure polyurethane foam and its activated carbon composites were synthesized and crude oil removal tests were conducted with initial crude oil concentrations of 20 to 280 g/L. Experimental results showed that the optimum weight percentage of activated carbon introduced into the foam structure was 5% wt, which enhanced adsorption capacity by up to 21%. The presence of activated carbon in the foam structure increased the hydrophobicity of the composites while, at the optimal concentration of activated carbon, its adsorption efficiency increased by up to 73% for an initial oil concentration of 20 g/L. Equilibrium studies showed that the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were the fitting ones for oil removal adsorption description. Chemical recovery of the sorbents used was performed using oil solvents (toluene and petroleum ether), which confirmed enhancement in both adsorption efficiency and capacity of the pure sorbent foam and the composite adsorbent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil contamination
  • Adsorption
  • Polyurethane Foam
  • Activated carbon
  • Composite
1. Zhou, Y-B., Tang, X-Y., Hu, X-M., Fritschi, S., and Lu, J. (2008) “Emulsified oily wastewater treatment using a hybrid-modified resin and activated carbon system.” Separation and Purification Technology, 63, 400-406.
2. Wang, D., Silbaugh, T., Pfeffer, R., and Lin, Y.S. (2010) “Removal of emulsified oil from water by inverse fluidization of hydrophobic aerogels.” Powder Technology, 203, 298-309.
3. Clark, R.B. (1997). Marin pollution, Avaye Ghalam Pub., Tehran. (In Persian)
4. Ijah, U.J.J. (1998) “Studies on relative capabilities of bacterial and yeast isolates from tropical soil in degrading crude oil.” Waste Management,18, 293-299.
5. Li, Y.S., Yan, L., Xiang, C.B., and Hong, L.J. (2006). “Treatment of oily wastewater by organic–inorganic composite tubular ultrafiltration (UF) membranes.” Desalination, 196, 76-83.
6. Al-Jeshi, S., and Neville, A. (2008). “An experimental evaluation of reverse osmosis membrane performance in oily water.” Desalination, 228, 287-294.
7. López-Vazquez, C., and Fall, C. (2004). Improvement of a gravity oil separator using a designed experiment.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 157 (1-4), 33-52.
8. Li, X-B., Liu J-T., Wang, Y-T. Wang C-Y., and Zhou, X-H. (2007). “Separation of oil from wastewater by column flotation.” J. of China University of Mining and Technology, 17, 546-577.
9. Zouboulis, A.I., and Avranas, A. (2000). “Treatment of oil-in-water emulsions by coagulation and dissolved-air flotation.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 172, 153-161.
10. Carmody, O., Frost, R., Xi, Y., and Kokot, S. (2008). “Selected adsorbent materials for oil-spill cleanup.” J. of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 91, 809-816.
11. Brandão, P.C., Souza, T.C, Ferreira, C.A., Hori C.E., and Romanielo, L.L. (2010). “Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse as adsorbent.” J. of Hazardous Materials, 175, 1106-1112.
12. Sun, X-F., SunSun, and Sun J-X. (2002) “Acetylation of rice straw with or without catalysts and its characterization as a natural sorbent in oil spill cleanup.” J. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 6428-6433.
13. Adebajo, M.O., Frost, R.L., Kloprogge, J.T., Carmody, O., and Kokot, S. (2003). “Porous materials for oil spill cleanup: A review of synthesis and absorbing properties.” J. of Porous Materials, 10, 159-170.
14. Annunciado, T.R., Sydenstricker, T.H.D., and Amico, S.C. (2005). “Experimental investigation of various vegetable fibers as sorbent materials for oil spills.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50, 1340-1346.
15. Choi, H.M., and Cloud, R.M. (1992). “Natural sorbents in oil spill cleanup.” Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 772-776.
16. Bastani, D., Safekordi, A.A., Alihosseini, A., and Taghikhani, V. (2006). “Study of oil sorption by expanded perlite at 298.15 K.” Separation and Purification Technology, 52, 295-300.
17. Moazed, H., and Viraraghavan, T. (2005). “Use of organo-clay/anthracite mixture in the separation of oil from oily waters.” Energy Sources, 27, 101-112.
18. Meininghaus, C.K.W., and Prins, R. (2000). “Sorption of volatile organic compounds on hydrophobic zeolites.” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 35-36, 349-365.
19. Okiel, K., El-Sayed, M., and El-Kady, M.Y. (2011). “Treatment of oil–water emulsions by adsorption onto activated carbon, bentonite and deposited carbon.” Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 20, 9-15.
20. Li, H., Liu, L., and Yang F. (2012). “Hydrophobic modification of polyurethane foam for oil spill cleanup.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64, 1648-1653.
21. Wu, D., Fang, L., Qin, Y., Wu, W., Mao, C, h., and Zhu, H. (2014). “Oil sorbents with high sorption capacity, oil/water selectivity and reusability for oil spill cleanup.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, 84, 263-267.
22. Kenes, K., Yerdos, O., Zulkhair, M., and Yerlan, D. (2012). “Study on the effectiveness of thermally treated rice husks for petroleum adsorption.” J. of Non-Crystalline Solids, 358, 2964-2969.
23. Fakhru’l-Razi, A., Pendashteh, A., Abdullah, L.C., Biak, D.R.A., Madaeni, S.S., and Zainal Abidin, Z. (2009). “Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment.” J. of Hazardous Materials, 170, 530-551.
24. Barikani, M. (2005). Rigid polyurethane foams, Polymer Society of Iran Publication, Tehran.
25. Nikkhah, A.A., Zilouei, H., Asadinezhad, A., and Keshavarz A. (2015). “Removal of oil from water using polyurethane foam modified with nanoclay.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 262, 278-285.
26. Crini, G., and Badot, P-M. (2008). “Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature.” Progress in Polymer Science, 33, 399-447.
27. Foo, K.Y., and Hameed, B.H. (2010). “Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 156, 2-10.
28. Kumar, K.V., Valenzuela-Calahorro, C., Juarez, J.M., Molina-Sabio, M., Silvestre-Albero, J., and Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. (2010). “Hybrid isotherms for adsorption and capillary condensation of N2 at 77 K on porous and non-porous materials.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 424-429.
29. Dávila-Jiménez, M.M., Elizalde-González, M.P., and Peláez-Cid, A.A. (2005). “Adsorption interaction between natural adsorbents and textile dyes in aqueous solution.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 254, 107-114.
30. Moussavi, A., Asadi, H., and Esfandbod, M. (2010). “Ion exchange efficiency of nitrate removal from water 1- equilibrium sorption isotherms for nitrate on resin purolite A-400.” J. of Water and Soil Science, 20/1, 185-200.
31. Wu, F-C., Liu, B-L., Wu, K-T., and Tseng, R-L. (2010). “A new linear form analysis of Redlich–Peterson isotherm equation for the adsorptions of dyes.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 21-27.
32. Srinivasan, A., and Viraraghavan, T. (2010). “Oil removal from water using biomaterials.” Bioresource Technology, 101, 6594-6600.