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<!DOCTYPE ArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMed 2.7//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/in/PubMed.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>مهندسین مشاور طرح و تحقیقات آب و فاضلاب اصفهان</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>مجله آب و فاضلاب</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>1024-5936</Issn>
				<Volume>36</Volume>
				<Issue>2</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>07</Month>
					<Day>21</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Effect of Synthesis pH on the Morphology and Photocatalytic Performance of BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄ for Acid Blue 92 Degradation</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>بررسی تأثیر pH محیط سنتز بر مورفولوژی و عملکرد فتوکاتالیستی BiVO4/g-C3N4 در حذف آلاینده نساجی اسید بلو 92</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>63</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>81</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">237231</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22093/wwj.2025.540493.3507</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>محمد عرفان</FirstName>
					<LastName>آگاه عالم</LastName>
<Affiliation>دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0009-0006-3448-4332</Identifier>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>طیبه</FirstName>
					<LastName>حمزه لویان</LastName>
<Affiliation>استادیار، گروه ترموسینتیک و کاتالیست، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6903-4263</Identifier>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>شهناز</FirstName>
					<LastName>قاسمی</LastName>
<Affiliation>استادیار، پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری‌های انرژی، آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1241-6439</Identifier>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>02</Month>
					<Day>20</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;extile dyes and heavy metals cannot be completely removed from wastewater using traditional wastewater treatment methods. Meanwhile, advanced oxidation processes produce active radicals that facilitate the decomposition of these compounds. Among these, semiconductor photocatalysts offer high removal efficiency and chemical stability. In this study, BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/g-C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanocomposites were synthesized hydrothermally under acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions; the prepared samples were then characterized, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated. The XRD results showed that all three samples formed the monoclinic phase of BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. The FESEM images revealed the effect of pH on particle morphology, showing cubic, polygonal, and three-dimensional trapezoidal structures with a uniform distribution in the basic environment. The sample synthesized at pH=10 has the highest efficiency (approximately 75% in 120 minutes) when decomposing the Acid Blue 92 dye under visible light irradiation, in the presence of 200 ppm of the photocatalyst and 20 ppm of the pollutant. In addition, DRS and PL spectra indicate a decrease in electron-hole recombination in the composite sample versus pure photocatalysts. A three-dimensional structure, a high specific surface area, and a more efficient charge carrier transport are among the reasons for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/g-C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in the basic medium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: Mitra; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;روش‌های سنتی تصفیه فاضلاب، توانایی حذف کامل آلاینده‌های مقاومی مانند رنگ‌های نساجی و فلزات سنگین را ندارند. در این میان، فرایندهای اکسیداسیون پیشرفته با تولید رادیکال‌های فعال، امکان تجزیه مؤثر این ترکیبات را فراهم می‌کنند. یکی از راهکارهای کارآمد، استفاده از فتوکاتالیست‌های نیمه‌رسانا با بازده حذف و پایداری بالا است. در این پژوهش، نانو کامپوزیت &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/g-C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; به روش هیدروترمال در سه محیط با &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;pH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; مختلف (اسیدی، خنثی و بازی) سنتز و ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکرد فتوکاتالیستی آن بررسی شد. نتایج &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;XRD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; نشان داد که فاز مونوکلینیک &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;در هر سه نمونه تشکیل شده است. تصاویر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;FESEM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; بیانگر تأثیر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;pH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; بر مورفولوژی ذرات بوده و در محیط بازی ساختارهای مکعبی و ذوزنقه‌ای سه‌بعدی با توزیع یکنواخت مشاهده شد. آزمون فتوکاتالیستی در تجزیه رنگ اسید بلو ۹۲ تحت تابش نور مرئی در حضور &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ppm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;200 فتوکاتالیست و غلظت آلاینده &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ppm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;20 نشان داد که نمونه سنتز شده در &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;pH=10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;بیشترین کارایی (حدود ۷۵ درصد در ۱۲۰ دقیقه) را دارد. همچنین نتایج طیف‌های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;DRS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;PL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; نشان‌دهنده‌ کاهش نرخ بازترکیب الکترون- حفره در نمونه‌ کامپوزیتی نسبت به فتوکاتالیست‌های خالص بود. درمجموع، بهبود عملکرد فتوکاتالیستی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;BiVO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/g-C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Mitra&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman Bold&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; در محیط بازی به ساختار منظم سه‌بعدی، سطح ویژه‌ بالاتر و انتقال مؤثرتر حامل‌های بار نسبت داده می‌شود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</OtherAbstract>
		<ObjectList>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">فتوکاتالیست کامپوزیتی کربن نیترید گرافیتی/بیسموت وانادات</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">اسیدیته محیط سنتز</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">آلاینده آبی اسید بلو 92</Param>
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			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">مورفولوژی فتوکاتالیست</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">نیمه‌هادی فعال در نور مرئی</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">تصفیه فاضلاب</Param>
			</Object>
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