بررسی کارایی حذف فسفات از زهاب صنایع کشت و صنعت نیشکر با استفاده از سیستم تالاب بافل‌دار ساختگی با جریان زیر سطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مهندسی عمران- مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران - مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران

3 استاد دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

فسفر در محیط‌های آبی به‌عنوان یک ماده مغذی ضروری شناخته می‌شود اما افزایش غلظت آن در منابع آبی باعث بروز پدیده یوتریفیکاسیون در آب و در نتیجه مرگ آبزیان می‌شود. بنابراین حذف فسفات از آب بسیار مهم است. در این پژوهش به‌منظور حذف فسفات از منابع آب از سیستم تالاب بافل‌دار ساختگی با جریان زیر سطحی استفاده شد. در همین راستا برای افزایش کارایی سیستم تالاب ساخته شده در حذف بهینه فسفات، آزمایش‌هایی در 3 فاز مختلف طراحی شد. در فاز اول در قالب آزمایش‌های ناپیوسته، عملکرد کامپوزیت مواد ارزان قیمتی همچون زئولیت، بنتونیت و سنگدانه پامیس به‌صورت تثبیت نانوذرات زئولیت/ بنتونیت بر روی سطح سنگدانه‌های پامیس به‌منظور جذب فسفات و انتخاب کاندید برتر به‌منظور قرارگیری در بستر تالاب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در فاز دوم در قالب آزمایش‌های گلدانی، عملکرد گیاهان بومی استان خوزستان همچون سالیکورنیا، لویی و سازو به‌منظور جذب فسفات و انتخاب کاندید برتر جهت کشت در بستر تالاب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در نهایت در فاز سوم با قرارگیری بستر و گیاه منتخب در سیستم تالاب ساخته شده، آزمایش‌هایی به‌منظور بررسی اثر پارامترهایی همچون درصد ترکیب بهینه بستر منتخب با شن، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی و تغییرات دمایی بر راندمان حذف فسفات انجام و تحلیل شد. از بین مواد جاذب و گیاهان کاندید شده برای قرارگیری و کشت در بستر تالاب، بیشترین ظرفیت جذب و انباشت فسفات در سنگدانه‌های پامیس پوشش داده شده نانوذرات زئولیت 02/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم و گیاه سالیکورنیا (68/9 میلی گرم در گرم وزن خشک گیاه) مشاهده شد. در این آزمایش استفاده از ترکیب 10 درصد بستر منتخب با 90 درصد شن به‌عنوان بهترین و اقتصادی‌ترین گزینه در حذف فسفات به‌دست آمد. همچنین راندمان حذف فسفات در زمان ماند هیدرولیکی 1 روزه در بیشترین شدت، 60/99 درصد به‌دست آمد و به‌عنوان زمان ماند بهینه مناسب برای حذف فسفات انتخاب شد. در نهایت بررسی نتایج اثر تغییرات دمایی در کارایی سیستم تالاب نشان داد که راندمان حذف از اسفندماه 1396 (دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس) تا تیرماه 1397 (دمای 40 درجه سلسیوس) به میزان 1 درصد افزایش یافت که نشان‌دهنده تأثیر تغییرات دمایی بر کارایی سیستم تالاب است. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده در صورت در دسترس بودن زمین کافی، استفاده از سیستم‌های تالاب مصنوعی با جریان زیر سطحی برای تصفیه پساب واحدهای کشاورزی و صنعتی بسیار مناسب و مقرون به صرفه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Efficiency of Phosphate Removal from Wastewater from Sugar Cultivation Industry Using Baffled Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadegh Ghasemi 1
  • Ehsan Dereikvand 2
  • Saeb Khoshnavaz 2
  • Saeed Boroomand Nasab 3
  • Mohsen Solimani Babarsad 2
1 PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering- Water Resources Engineering and Management, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering- Water Resources Engineering and Management, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
3 Prof., Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus is recognized as a nutrient in aquatic environments, but increasing its concentration in water resources causes the occurrence of eutrophication in water and, as a result, causes the death of aquatic organisms. Therefore, removal of phosphate from water is very important. In this research, in order to remove phosphate from water resources, the baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland was used. In order to increase the efficiency of the wetland system, experiments were designed in 3 different phases. In the first phase, in the form of batch experiments, the composite performance of cheap materials such as zeolite, bentonite and pumice aggregates (The stabilization of nanoparticles of zeolite\bentonite on the surface of Pumice aggregates) to absorb phosphate and select the preferred candidate for placement in the wetland was investigated. In the second phase, in the form of pot experimentation, the performance of native plants of khuzestan province such as salicornia, Typha, and Juncus, In order to uptake phosphate and select the best candidate for cultivation in the bed of the wetland was investigated. Finally, in the third phase, with the placement of the selected bedding and plant (selected from previous experiments) in the wetland system, experiments were carried out to study the effect of parameters such as the percentage of optimum mix of Selected bed with gravel, hydraulic residence time and temperature changes on the phosphate removal efficiency. The results showed that among absorbent materials and candidate plants for placement and cultivation in the wetland, the maximum capacity to absorb and accumulate phosphate by Pumice aggregate coated by zeolite nanoparticles (1.08 mg/g) and salicornia (9.68 mg/g of plant dry weight) was observed. In this experiment, The use of a combination of 10% of the selected bed with 90% of the gravel was obtained as the best and most economical option for removal of phosphate. Also, the efficiency of removal of phosphate in the 1-day hydraulic residence time was achieved at the highest intensity (99.60%) and was selected as the optimum time to remove phosphate. Finally, the results of the effect of temperature changes on the efficiency of the wetland system showed that the removal efficiency from March 2018 (20 °C) to July 2018 (40 °C) increased to about 1 percent, which indicates the effect of temperature changes on the performance of the wetland system. According to the results, in the case of adequate land availability, the use of subsurface-flow constructed wetland systems to wastewater treatment of agricultural and industrial units is very convenient and cost-effective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphate Removal
  • Baffled Constructed Wetland
  • Phytoremediation

مراجع

Allende, K. L., Mccarthy, D. & Fletcher, T. 2014. The influence of media type on removal of arsenic, iron and boron from acidic wastewater in horizontal flow wetland microcosms planted with Phragmites australis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 246, 217-228.
Andrés, E., Araya, F., Vera, I., Pozo, G. & Vidal, G. 2018. Phosphate removal using zeolite in treatment wetlands under different oxidation-reduction potentials. Ecological Engineering, 117, 18-27.
Austin, D., Madison, M., Chakraborti, R., Mecham, J. & Baird, J. 2018. Improving phosphorus removal in a surface flow wetland and land application system by geochemical augmentation with alum. Science of the Total Environment, 643, 1091-1097.
Babatunde, A., Zhao, Y. & Zhao, X. 2010. Alum sludge-based constructed wetland system for enhanced removal of P and OM from wastewater: concept, design and performance analysis. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6576-6579.
Barca, C., Roche, N., Troesch, S., Andres, Y. & Chazarenc, F. 2018. Modelling hydrodynamics of horizontal flow steel slag filters designed to upgrade phosphorus removal in small wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 349-356.
Bowman, R. S. 2003. Applications of surfactant-modified zeolites to environmental remediation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 61, 43-56.
Chang, J., Ma, L., Chen, J., Lu, Y. & Wang, X. 2017. Greenhouse wastewater treatment by baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetlands supplemented with flower straws as carbon source in different modes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 1578-1587.
Cheng, G., Li, Q., Su, Z., Sheng, S. & Fu, J. 2018. Preparation, optimization, and application of sustainable ceramsite substrate from coal fly ash/waterworks sludge/oyster shell for phosphorus immobilization in constructed wetlands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 572-581.
De Rozari, P., Greenway, M. & El Hanandeh, A. 2018. Nitrogen removal from sewage and septage in constructed wetland mesocosms using sand media amended with biochar. Ecological Engineering, 111, 1-10.
Du, L., Chen, Q., Liu, P., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Zhou, Q., et al. 2017. Phosphorus removal performance and biological dephosphorization process in treating reclaimed water by Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands (IVCWs). Bioresource Technology, 243, 204-211.
Fang, C., Zhang, X., Lei, Y., Yuan, Y. & Xiang, Y. 2018. Nitrogen removal via core-shell bio-ceramic/Zn-layer double hydroxides synthesized with different composites for domestic wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 181, 618-630.
Ghasemi, S., Derikvand, E., Khoshnavaz, S., Boroomand Nasab, S. & Solimani Babarsad, M. 2019. Investigating the efficiency of surfactant-modified Zeolites@Pumice to remove phosphate from synthetic wastewater using Box‐Behnken design. Desalination and Water Treatment, 139, 254-267.
Higgins, D., Curtin, T., Burke, I. & Courtney, R. 2018. The potential for constructed wetland mechanisms to treat alkaline bauxite residue leachate: carbonation and precipitate characterisation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 1-8.
Hua, T., Haynes, R. & Zhou, Y.-F. 2018. Potential use of two filter media in constructed wetlands for simultaneous removal of As, V and Mo from alkaline wastewater-batch adsorption and column studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 218, 190-199.
Hua, T. & Haynes, R. J. 2016. Constructed wetlands: fundamental processes and mechanisms for heavy metal removal from wastewater streams. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 8, 148-178.
Huang, Y., Lee, X., Grattieri, M., Macazo, F. C., Cai, R. & Minteer, S. D. 2018. A sustainable adsorbent for phosphate removal: modifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes with chitosan. Journal of Materials Science, 53, 12641-12649.
Jiang, L., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Liu, F., Qin, M., Zhang, Y., et al. 2018. The condition optimization and mechanism of aerobic phosphorus removal by marine bacterium Shewanella sp. Chemical Engineering Journal, 345, 611-620.
Kasak, K., Truu, J., Ostonen, I., Sarjas, J., Oopkaup, K., Paiste, P., et al. 2018. Biochar enhances plant growth and nutrient removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 639, 67-74.
Khoshnavaz, S., Boroomand Nasab, S. & Moazed, H. 2014. Investigation onnitrate removal efficiency of Karun agro-industry agricultural wastewater at surface flow constructed wetland with cultivated vetiver grass. Wetland Ecobiology, 6, 5-14.
Kim, K., Kim, K., Asaoka, S., Lee, I.-C., Kim, D.-S. & Hayakawa, S. 2018. Quantitative measurement on removal mechanisms of phosphate by class–F fly ash. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, doi: 10.1080/19392699. 2018 1428192.
Kumar, A., Abraham, E. & Gupta, A. 2018. Alternative biomass from saline and semiarid and arid conditions as a source of biofuels: Salicornia. Biofuels: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Global Warming, New Dehli: Springer India.
Lan, W., Zhang, J., Hu, Z., Ji, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., et al. 2018. Phosphorus removal enhancement of magnesium modified constructed wetland microcosm and its mechanism study. Chemical Engineering Journal, 335, 209-214.
Li, R., Wang, J. J., Zhou, B., Awasthi, M. K., Ali, A., Zhang, Z., et al. 2016. Recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by magnesium oxide decorated magnetic biochar and its potential as phosphate-based fertilizer substitute. Bioresource Technology, 215, 209-214.
Li, R., Wang, J. J., Zhou, B., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Lei, S., et al. 2017. Simultaneous capture removal of phosphate, ammonium and organic substances by MgO impregnated biochar and its potential use in swine wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 96-107.
Lu, B., Xu, Z., Li, J. & Chai, X. 2018. Removal of water nutrients by different aquatic plant species: An alternative way to remediate polluted rural rivers. Ecological Engineering, 110, 18-26.
Luo, W., Hai, F. I., Price, W. E., Guo, W., Ngo, H. H., Yamamoto, K., et al. 2016. Phosphorus and water recovery by a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor–reverse osmosis system. Bioresource Technology, 200, 297-304.
Mojiri, A., Ahmad, Z., Tajuddin, R. M., Arshad, M. F, & Gholami, A. 2017. Ammonia, phosphate, phenol, and copper (II) removal from aqueous solution by subsurface and surface flow constructed wetland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189, 337.
Nakhaeipour, M., Shojaee Farah Abadi , H., Najarian, F, Safinezhad, M. & Irvani, H. 2017. Detrmininig the efficiency of zsm5-zeolite impregnated with nanoparticles of titanium dioxid in the photocatalytic removal of styrene vapors. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, 3, 61-67.
Nir, O., Sengpiel, R. & Wessling, M. 2018. Closing the cycle: phosphorus removal and recovery from diluted effluents using acid resistive membranes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 346, 640-648.
Postila, H., Karjalainen, S. M. & Kløve, B. 2017. Can limestone, steel slag or man-made sorption materials be used to enhance phosphate-phosphorus retention in treatment wetland for peat extraction runoff with low phosphorous concentration? Ecological Engineering, 98, 403-409.
Saltan, M. & Fındık, F. S. 2008. Stabilization of subbase layer materials with waste pumice in flexible pavement. Building and Environment, 43, 415-421.
Shardendu, S., Sayantan, D., Sharma, D. & Irfan, S. 2012. Luxury uptake and removal of phosphorus from water column by representative aquatic plants and its implication for wetland management. ISRN Soil Science, 2012, 1-9.
Sheng-Bing, H., Li, Y., Hai-Nan, K., Zhi-Ming, L., De-Yi, W. & Zhan-Bo, H. 2007. Treatment efficiencies of constructed wetlands for eutrophic landscape river water. Pedosphere, 17, 522-528.
Shengxiu, W. Z. L. 1996. Relationships between nitrate contents and water, total N as well as total P in different organs of vegetable plants. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science, 2, 144-152.
Smith, E. N. 2007. Water cress (Nasturtium officinale) production utilizing brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) flow-through aquaculture effluent. MSc Thesis, West Virginia University, USA.
Tee, H.-C., Lim, P.-E., Seng, C.-E., Nawi, M. A. M. & Adnan, R. 2015. Enhancement of azo dye Acid Orange 7 removal in newly developed horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. Journal of Environmental Management, 147, 349-355.
Wang, H., Dong, W., Li, T. & Liu, T. 2015. A modified BAF system configuring synergistic denitrification and chemical phosphorus precipitation: examination on pollutants removal and clogging development. Bioresource Technology, 189, 44-52.
Wen, Z.-D., Wu, W.-M., Ren, N.-Q. & Gao, D.-W. 2016. Synergistic effect using vermiculite as media with a bacterial biofilm of Arthrobacter sp. for biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 304, 118-125.
Xue, R., Xu, J., Gu, L., Pan, L. & He, Q. 2018. Study of phosphorus removal by using sponge Iron adsorption. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 229, 161.
Yakar, A., Türe, C., Türker, O. C., Vymazal, J. & Saz, Ç. 2018. Impacts of various filtration media on wastewater treatment and bioelectric production in up-flow constructed wetland combined with microbial fuel cell (UCW-MFC). Ecological Engineering, 117, 120-132.
Zafari, F., Amiri, M. & Vatanpour Azghandi, A. 2014. Physiological response of pear (Pyrus Communis cv.Dargazi) to salinity stress under in vitro conditions. Journal of Horticulture Science, 28, 594-599.
Zhang, L., Liu, J. & Guo, X. 2018. Investigation on mechanism of phosphate removal on carbonized sludge adsorbent. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 64, 335-344.
Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Xu, Z., Doherty, L. & Liu, R. 2016. Highway runoff treatment by hybrid adsorptive media-baffled subsurface flow constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering, 91, 231-239.
مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 125
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 61-75

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار