ارزیابی روش‌های اکولوژیکی- هیدرولیکی- هیدرولوژیکی در برآورد جریان محیط زیستی رودخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی سازه‌های آبی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

2 دانشیار مهندسی رودخانه، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد مهندسی هیدرولوژی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

چکیده

برآورد نیاز جریان محیط زیستی در اکوسیستم‌های رودخانه‌ای در ایران کار جدیدی است. هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، ارزیابی جریان محیط زیستی به روش‌های مختلف در یک رودخانه شاخص، با جریان دائمی بود. در این بررسی، نیاز اکولوژیکی رودخانه مشترک مرزی زاب در شمال غرب ایران در سه بازه مختلف، در طول 160 کیلومتر با روش هیدرولیکی محیط خیس شده با دو الگوریتم شیب منحنی و حداکثر انحنا، همچنین با روش ترکیبی شبیه‌ساز زیستگاه و نیز روش کنترل کیفیت آب، برآورد شد. نتایج برآورد به روش‌های اکو- هیدرولیکی با نتایج شبیه روش‌های اکو- هیدرولوژیکی مقایسه شد. نتایج ارزیابی نشان داد که روش اکو- هیدرولوژیکی شامل "انتقال منحنی تداوم جریان در کلاس زیستی B (حفاظت پایدار تنوع زیستی با وجود طرح‌های توسعه منابع آب)، برای بازه بالادست (درابکای‌خانه)، گزینه مناسبی است. در این گزینه زرده ماهی به‌عنوان گونه شاخص زیستی انتخاب شد. درحالی‌که روش ترکیبی اکو- هیدرولیکی برای دو بازه میانی و پایین‌دست (گرژال و پل سردشت)، مناسب‌تر هستند. بر این اساس، دبی جریان متوسط محیط زیستی در سه بازه بالا به‌ترتیب 3/2، 6/7 و 9/7 مترمکعب بر ثانیه به‌دست آمد. توزیع ماهانه جریان محیط زیستی در هر یک از سه بازه نیز تعیین و پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Ecologic-Hydraulic-Hydrologic Methods for Evaluating Environmental Flows in Rivers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Abdi 1
  • Mehdi Yasi 2
  • Hossein Sedghi 3
1 M.S.c Student of Hydraulic Structure Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Azad Islamic University, Tehran
2 Assoc. Prof. of River Engineering, Dept. of Water Resources Engineering, Urumia University
3 Prof. of Hydrology, Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Azad Islamic University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

The assessment of environmental flows in a river ecosystem is a new practice in Iran. The main aim of the present study was to use different Eco-hydraulic-hydrologic methods to determine the environmental flow requirements in a typical perennial river. The ecological needs of the transboundary Zab River (located in the northwest of Iran) were investigated in three different reaches along the 160 km length of the river course using the hydraulic-wetted perimeter method (and taking advantage of the two different algorithms of slope method and maximum curvature), the synthetic habitat simulation method, and the water quality control method. The results were compared with those obtained from different echo-hydrologic methods. It was found that the FDC Shifting method (considering Class B: ecologically important rivers despite water resources development) is well adapted to the conditions in the upper reaches of the river (Derabkay Khaneh). The synthetic Eco-hydraulic method is to be recommended for the middle and downstream reaches (Grezhal and Pol–Sardasht) providing the ecological requirements of the Barbus Capito fish (as the bio– indicator species) are met. The mean annual flows in the three river reaches are determined as 2.3, 7.6, and 7.9 m3/s, respectively. The potential monthly flow rates are also proposed for preserving the riverine life.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Flows
  • Eco-Hydraulic
  • Eco-Hydrologic
  • The Zab River
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