سنتز نانو ذرات اکسید آهن هماتیت با سطح اصلاحی جدید برای حذف سرب از محلول‌های آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، پژوهشکده مواد و چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، پژوهشکده مواد و چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه پراکندگی وسیع آلاینده‌های مختلف نظیر فلزات سنگین و مواد رادیواکتیو در آبهای سطحی و زیرزمینی، به‌عنوان یک بحران جهانی مطرح است. پژوهش‌های مختلف نشان داده است که نانو ذرات اکسید آهن هماتیت توانایی مطلوبی در حذف آلاینده‌ها دارد. در این پژوهش، نانو ذرات اکسید آهن هماتیت α-Fe2O3 با سطح اصلاحی جدید با استفاده از کلریدفریک شش آبه (FeCl3.6H2O) و سورفکتانت اسید اولئیک (C₁₈H₃₄O) تحت شرایط هیدروترمال در دمای 250 درجه سلسیوس تولید شد و نتایج آنالیزهای ساختاری XRD، FT-IR،SEM ، TEM و BET تصریح کرد که بیشتر از 90 درصد این نانوذرات متشکل از نانو میله‌هایی هستند (قطر 60-30 نانومتر و طول 700-400 نانومتر) که در میان آنها نانو ذرات فلسی شکل شش وجهی نامنظم با ضخامت متوسط 100-40 نانومتر به‌صورت پراکنده توزیع شده‌اند. از طرفی عوامل مؤثر بر جذب Pb2+ توسط نانو ذرات سنتز شده α-Fe2O3، اعم از pH، غلظت آلاینده، غلظت نانو جاذب و زمان تماس، به‌صورت ناپیوسته و تحت شرایط مشخص دمایی Cْ1±25 و اختلاط 120 دور در دقیقه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و شرایط بهینه جذب به‌دست آمد. با افزایش مقدار pH همواره راندمان حذف سرب از محلول آبی افزایش یافت و در مقادیر بالای 7 با توجه به تشکیل رسوب‌های هیدروکسیدی مزاحم، مقدار pH بهینه جذب، حدود 5/6 به دست آمد. از طرفی داده‌های تعادلی به‌دست آمده از پژوهش نشان داد که ایزوترم مناسب برای توصیف روند جذب کاتیون‌های Pb2+ بر روی نانو ذرات α-Fe2O3 سنتز شده، مدل دوبعدی لانگمیر است که دارای ظرفیت جذب حداکثری  11 میلی‌گرم در گرم می‌باشد. براین اساس بالاترین راندمان حذف Pb2+ در شرایط بهینه جذب 44/99 درصد گزارش شد و مساحت سطح نسبتاً بالای نانو ذرات هماتیت سنتز شده جدید (29/31 مترمربع بر گرم) نیز نشان داد که این نانو ساختارها توانایی بالایی در حذف کاتیون‌های فلزی سرب (Pb2+)  از بستر محلولهای آبی دارند. از نظر سینتیکی نیز برازش مدل‌های سینتیکی مختلف جذب بر داده‌های حاصل از پژوهش ثابت کرد که کاتیون‌های Pb2+ با مدل شبه درجه دوم هو همپوشانی مطلوبی دارد و عملاً امکان مدلاسیون فرایند با این مدل سینتیکی خطی وجود دارد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نانوذراتα-Fe2O3 سنتز شده جدید عملاً نانو جاذب‌هایی کارآمد و توانمند در حذف سرب به‌عنوان فلزی سنگین، از محلول‌های آبی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthesis of Novel Surface-Modified Hematite Nanoparticles for Lead Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Hashemzadeh 1
  • Abdolreza Nilchi 2
  • Amir Hessam Hassani 3
  • Reza Saberi 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Prof., Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assist. Prof., Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this research, hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with novel surface- modified were synthesized using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) and oleic acid (C₁₈H₃₄O₂) as raw materials by hydrothermal method at 250°C. The structural analysis such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and BET showed the distribution of the synthesized nanoadsorbent, so that more (>90%) nanorod structures (diameter of 30-60 and length of 400-700 nm) were among the less nanoscaly crystals with 40-100 nm as thickness. The high specific surface area of the novel synthesized hematite nanoparticles (31.29 m2/g) determined their high capability for the removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of lead ions onto the synthesized nano α-Fe2O3 was investigated by pH, adsorbent weight, lead ions concentration, and contact time in batch experiments and initial condition of 25±1°C, 120 rpm, so that the optimum conditions for lead ions adsorption was obtained. On this basis, the removal of lead ions increased with an increase in pH; the optimum solution value was about 6.5 due to the bothersome hydroxide constructions in higher pH values. The analysis of equilibrium data showed that the Langmuir isotherm model is suitable for describing the lead ions adsorption by nano α-Fe2O3. Furthermore, the maximum sorption capacity of Pb2+ was estimated to be 111 mg/g. The kinetic of lead ions adsorption onto the synthesized nano α-Fe2O3 was best fitted by the pseudo-second order model known as Ho model. As adsorption optimum condition, the maximum upatake capacity of 49.31 mg/g was recorded along with the efficiency of 98.62% for the remove of Pb2+ ions from aquoes solution (1 mg/g), using 20 mg/L nano α-Fe2O3 adsorbent at 4 hour contact time. From these results, it can be concluded that the synthesized α-Fe2O3 surface-modified nanoparticles is a promising and effective adsorbent to remove lead ions as a heavy metal pollutant from aqueous solutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adsorption
  • Hydrothermal
  • Nanoparticle
  • Hematite
  • Kinetics
  • Lead
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