شبیه‌سازی اثر سناریوهای مختلف قیمت‌گذاری بر نظام تعرفه آب شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

چکیده

مدیریت تقاضای آب و تخصیص بهینه آن، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای، برخوردار است. از جمله مهم‌ترین سیاست‌های قیمتی می‌توان به تعیین نرخ مناسب برای آب در مصارف شهری اشاره نمود. در این ارتباط قانون هدفمند کردن یارانه‌ها با تأکید بر دریافت قیمت آب بر اساس هزینه تمام شده آن، روی مدیریت منابع آب اثر زیادی خواهد داشت. بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف تعیین نرخ مناسب آب در مصارف شهری استان گلستان در سال 91-1390 تحت قانون هدفمند شدن یارانه‌ها انجام شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف ابتدا با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط، ارزش اقتصادی آب در مصارف شهری که دیدگاه تقاضاکنندگان آب را نشان می‌دهد،‌ برآورد شد. سپس با استفاده از رویکرد هزینه متوسط، هزینه تمام شده آب از دیدگاه عرضه‌کنندگان آب از منابع سطحی و زیرزمینی تعیین شد. در نهایت ضمن مقایسه تعرفه‌های فعلی آب با ارزش اقتصادی و هزینه تمام شده آب،‌ گزینه‌های مختلف قیمت‌گذاری آب شرب در راستای قانون هدفمند‌سازی یارانه‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، پیشنهاد می‌شود تعرفه آب شرب در یک سیستم قیمت‌گذاری پلکانی و بر اساس ایجاد توازن بین ارزش اقتصادی و هزینه تمام شده آب تعیین شود تا مدیریت عرضه و تقاضای آب به‌صورت توأمان محقق شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulating the Effects of Various Pricing Scenarios on Water Tariff System

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeid Yazdani 1
  • Morteza Tahamipour 2
چکیده [English]

Water demand management policies and water pricing tools have important effects on optimal water allocation. An important water pricing policy is determining suitable water tariffs for urban water uses. In this regard, the emphasis laid by the targeted subsidy law on water pricing based on supply cost will have a great impact on the price of water and on water resources management. Based on these considerations, the present study was designed and conducted in 2010-2011 to identify proper water prices for Golestan Province under the targeted subsidy law. For this purpose, the economic value of water as veiwed by urban users was estimated using the contingent valuation method. In a second stage, the average cost approach was employed to determine the cost of water production from surface and ground water resources from the viewpoint of suppliers. Finally, the present water tariffs, the economic value of water, and the average cost of water production obtained in the previous sategs were compared to evaluate various scenarios of water pricing under the targeted subsidy law. Based on our findings, a stepwise water pricing system that strikes a balance between the economic value of water and water production cost is recommended for implementation in order achieve simultaneous improvements in both water demand and supply management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Municipal Consumptions
  • Economic value
  • tariff
  • Cost of Water
  • Golestan province
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