بررسی کارایی نانوکامپوزیت عاملدارشده PAMAM-GO در حذف نیترات از محیط‌های آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 محقق پسا دکترای گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی رزین و افزودنی‌ها، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و فناوری رنگ و پوشش، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به دلیل حلالیت بسیار زیاد نیترات در آب، روش‌های متداول تصفیه قادر به حذف آن نیستند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین کارایی نانوکامپوزیت عاملدار شده PAMAM-Go به‌منظور حذف نیترات از محیط‌های آبی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و به‌صورت پایلوت و برای اولین بار در ایران و جهان انجام شد. در این پژوهش سنتز گرافن اکساید به‌روش اصلاح شده هومر صورت گرفت و مشخصات گرافن اکساید و نانوکامپوزیت سنتز شده توسط تکنیک AFM مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌ها به‌صورت ناپیوسته بر روی نمونه‌های سنتتیک و با تغییر فاکتورهای مؤثر در واکنش (غلظت نیترات،pH، زمان ماند وغلظت نانوکامپوزیت عاملدارشده PAMAM-Go) صورت گرفت. بیشترین راندمان حذف نیترات در غلظت 5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوکامپوزیت عاملدارشده PAMAM-Go  با pH برابر 3 و زمان ماند 25 دقیقه و به میزان 84 درصد برای نمونه با غلظت 45 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نیترات به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که راندمان حذف نیترات توسط نانوکامپوزیت عاملدارشده PAMAM-Go با غلظت نانوکامپوزیت و زمان تماس، رابطه مستقیم و با pH و غلظت اولیه نیترات رابطه عکس دارد. با توجه به عاملدار نمودن PAMAM-Go توسط اسید کلریدریک به‌نظر می‌رسد تبادل یون میان یون نیترات و یون کلراید، عامل اصلی حذف نیترات از محیط واکنش باشد. بهره‌برداری آسان، عدم نیاز به تخصص بالا و تجهیزات پیچیده، عدم نیاز به فضای زیاد برای احداث، سرمایه‌گذاری اولیه کم، مواد اولیه ارزان و در دسترس، سنتز ساده گرافن اکساید و شیوه عاملدار نمودن آسان آن، سبب شده است تا این روش به‌عنوان یک روش مناسب برای حذف و کاهش بسیاری از آلاینده‌ها به‌ویژه نیترات به‌صورت تصفیه درجا معرفی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Efficiency of Functionalized PAMAM-GO Nano-Composite for Nitrate Removal from Aqua Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolghasem Alighardashi 1
  • Zahra Kashitarash Esfahani 2
  • Farhood Najafi 3
1 Assist. prof., Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
2 Post-doctoral Reseaercher, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
3 Assist. prof., Department of Resin and Addetives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to the high solubility of nitrate in water, conventional treatment methods fail to remove it. This research investigated for the first time in national and global level, the efficiency of functionalized PAMAM-Go nanocomposite for nitrate removal from aquatic solutions. GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method. AFM images were used to characterize the GO and the AGO. Experiments were performed in a batch reactor and the main factors of pH, reaction time, and concentration of PAMAM_GO were investigated. The highest removal efficiency was obtained as 84% at 5 mL/L functionalized PAMAM_GO, pH of 3 and 25 min reaction time. The results showed that nitrate removal by functionalized PAMAM-Go nanocomposite is directly correlated with nanocomposite concentration and contact time while it is inversely correlated with pH and initial concentration of nitrate. It seems that ion exchange between nitrate and chloride is the main mechanism of nitrate removal by functionalized PAMAM_GO nano composite according to functionalization of PAMAM-Go using hydrochloric acid. This method can be used as a suitable method for in situ treatment of nitrate and many  pollutants in water and wastewater, due to its easy operation, no need for high levels of expertise and sophisticated equipment, no need for large space of construction, low initial investment, low price, availability of raw materials, simple synthesis of graphene oxide and  easy  to functionalize.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate
  • Graphene Oxide
  • PAMAM_Dendrimer
  • Nano composite
  • Functionalization
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