پیش‌بینی تغییرات زمانی افت فشار در صافی شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران، د انشجوی دکترا، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

صافی‌ شنی در تصفیه آب و فاضلاب کاربرد فراون دارد. تجمع و ته‌نشینی ذرات در بستر صافی، سبب ایجاد افت بارصافی می‌شود؛ در چنین مواقعی عموماً شستشوی فیلتر الزامی‌ است. در این پژوهش یک فیلتر تند شنی تک لایه ثقلی با محیط شن سیلیسی برای کاهش غلظت‌های متفاوت سرب به‌کار گرفته شد. مقادیر رسوب و افت بار حاصله در محیط فیلتر با استفاده از ترکیب مدل‌های کارمن- کوزنی  (Karman-Cozeny)، رز و گریگوری (Rose and Gregory) در دبی‌های مختلف فیلتراسیون شبیه‌سازی شد. نتایج به‌دست امده نشان داد که بیشترین زمان در رسیدن به مقادیر متفاوت از افت فشار، در کمترین میزان ورودی غلظت فلز 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و بیشترین مقدار از بار سطحی 22/6 مترمکعب بر مترمربع در ساعت می‌باشد. بیشترین راندمان حذف فلز به‌میزان 92 درصد، در بار سطحی 11/3 مترمکعب بر متر مربع در ساعت و غلظت ورودی فلز 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. مقایسه زمان رسیدن به یک میزان مشخص از افت فشار، در شرایط متفاوت از دبی فیلتراسیون و غلظت ورودی فلز، نشان می‌دهد که در مقادیر کمتر افت یعنی 5 و 7 سانتی‌متر، تفاوت زمانی کمتر است. مقایسه شیب خطوط در یک دبی مشابه، برای مقادیر کمتر ورودی سرب به فیلتر، شیب بیشتری را نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Prediction of Temporal Changes of Head Loss in Sand Filter

نویسندگان [English]

  • Navab Daneshi 1
  • Roohollah Fattahi Nafchi 2
  • Hossein Banejad 3
1 Former Graduate Student, Department of Water Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran, and PhD Student, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Granular media including rapid gravity sand filters are used in water and wastewater treatments. When sand filters are clogged due to deposits of particles and particul-bound pollutants, it will lead to head loss and under this situation it is necessary to perform filter backwashing. Prediction of sand filter head loss is the major focus of this study.  To meet the primary ojective of this study, a single-layer rapid gravity filter with sandy media was tested with inflow water containing different concentrations of lead (Pb). The amount of deposited sediments and the resulting head loss were simulated in the filter media by combination of Karman-Cozeny, Rose and Gregory equations under different  discharges. The maximum time to reach the various amounts of head loss was obtained when the inflow lead concentration was lowest (25 ppm) and the surface filter leading was the highest (6.22 m3/m2/hr). The highest lead removal efficiency (92%) was obtained when the input lead concentration was 25 ppm and filter surface loading was 3.11m3/m2/hr. Comparing the specific head loss under different operating condition it has been shown  that the time difference is less under lower head losses of 5 and 7 centimeters. In addition, the slopes of filtration discharge under similar operating condition showed to be steeper verifying a higher filtration performance when the concentration of input lead and filter surface loading was lower.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Head Loss
  • Hydraulic Modeling
  • Sand Filter
  • Temporal Changes
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