ساخت پایلوت هیبرید فرایندهای نانوفیلتراسیون و میکروفیلتراسیون به‌منظور حذف کروم شش ظرفیتی از آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزاوری، سبزوار، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی محیط ‌زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

فلز سنگین کروم شش ظرفیتی یک ترکیب بسیار سمی است. این فلز مطابق استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی در غلظت‌های بالاتر از 50 میکروگرم در لیتر منجر به واکنش‌های آلرژیک، سرطان پوست، سرطان ریه، آسیب به کلیه‌ها، کبد و همچنین ایجاد تغییر شکل ژنتیکی DNA می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی عملکرد سیستم هیبرید فرایندهای نانوفیلتراسیون و میکروفیلتراسیون به‌منظور حذف کروم شش ظرفیتی از آب بود. پایلوت شامل فیلترهای 1 و 5 میکرون، فیلتر شن، فیلتر کربن فعال و نانوفیلتر (NF 90-400) ساخته شد و تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف از قبیل pH، فشار، غلظت کروم، غلظت سولفات و جامدات محلول کل (TDS) بر راندمان حذف کروم شش ظرفیتی از آب آشامیدنی بررسی شد. پارامتر فشار در محدوده 1/0 تا 4/0 مگاپاسکال، pH در محدوده 2 تا 10، غلظت کروم شش ظرفیتی در 100 تا 400 میکروگرم در لیتر و محدوده غلظت سولفات محلول خوراک 40 تا 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش pH، راندمان حذف کروم افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین با افزایش فشار از 1/0 تا 4/0 مگاپاسکال ، از میزان حذف کروم کاسته می‌شود. در مورد تأثیر غلظت کروم و غلظت سولفات، نتایج نشان دهنده کاهش میزان راندمان حذف با افزایش غلظت بود. سطح بهینه غلظت کروم شش ظرفیتی در حدود 100 میکروگرم در لیتر، فشار 1/0 مگاپاسکال، pH برابر 10 و غلظت سولفات در حدود 40 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تعیین شد. به‌طور کلی نتایج ساخت پایلوت و اجرای آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که سیستم ارائه شده قابلیت حذف کروم از آب آشامیدنی (آب شهر و آب مقطر) را به میزان 99 درصد دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Hybrid Nano-filtration and Micro-filtration Pilot Processes for the Removal of Chromium from Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Kargar 1
  • Ghasem Zolfaghari 2
1 Former Graduate Student of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Assist. Prof. of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Heavy metal hexavalent chromium is known as a highly toxic compound and based on World Health Organization standards in concentrations greater than 50 micrograms per liter would lead to diseases such as allergic reactions, skin cancer, lung cancer, damage to the kidneys and liver, and also changes in the shape of the DNA genetic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system of nano-filtration and micro-filtration processes to remove hexavalent chromium from water. Pilot implementation of 1 and 5 micron filters, sand filters, activated carbon filters, and NF (NF 90-400) was built. The effects of various parameters such as pH, pressure, concentration of chromium, concentration of sulfate and total dissolved solids (TDS) were studied on the removal of hexavalent chromium from drinking water. Pressure was changed from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa, pH was set in the range of 2 to10, the concentration of hexavalent chromium was in the range of 100 to 400 micrograms per liter and the concentration of sulfate oral solution was changed between 40 and 500 milligrams per liter. The results showed that the efficiency of chromium removal increased as pH was increased. The removal of chromium dropped when the pressure was increased from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa. In addition, a decreasing trend was observed in removal efficiency by increasing the concentration of chrome and sulfate. Optimal levels of hexavalent chromium concentration was 100 micrograms per liter. For pressure, pH, and sulfate concentration the optimal levels were 0.1 Mpa, 10 and 40 milligrams per liter, respectively. In general, pilot and experimental results showed that the system provided the ability to remove chromium in drinking water (tap water and distilled water) at a rate of 99%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Treatment
  • Membrane
  • Nanofiltration
  • Hexavalent Chromium
  • Micro- filtration
  • Hybrid Pilot
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