کاربرد پساب صنعتی در آبیاری مزارع و اثر آن بر تجمع عناصر سنگین در خاک و گیاه برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد پساب صنعتی، بر میزان تجمع عناصر سنگین در خاک و برنج تحت کشت، مزارع شهرک صنعتی آمل که مدت 8 سال تحت اثر پساب بودند، انتخاب و از آب آبیاری، خاک و ریشه، اندام هوایی و دانه برنج نمونه‌برداری به‌عمل آمد و سپس مقدار کروم، کادمیم، نیکل و سرب در نمونه‌ها تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد تحت اثر پساب، مقدار عناصر مورد بررسی در نمونه‌های آب، خاک و گیاه افزایش یافت. کادمیم کل خاک در بالاترین مقدار در مکان 3 به اندازه 75/29 درصد افزایش یافت که نسبت به دیگر عناصر بیشترین مقدار بود. سرب قابل جذب خاک در بیشترین مقدار، نسبت به شاهد 40 درصد افزایش داشت. تحت اثر پساب، افزایش تجمع عناصر سنگین مورد بررسی در ریشه برنج بیش از دیگر اندام‌ها بود. ترتیب تجمع عناصر در دانه به‌صورت Cr>Cd~Pb>Ni بود. در ریشه و اندام هوایی برنج، تجمع سرب بیش از دیگر عناصر بود. فاکتور انتقال عناصر سنگین از خاک به اندام هوایی بیش از دانه بود. فاکتور انتقال کادمیم در دانه و اندام هوایی در مکان 2 به‌ترتیب برابر 54/1 و 44/1 گردید که بیش از دیگر عناصر بود. بین عناصر بررسی شده، کادمیم بیشترین شاخص ریسک را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Application of Industrial Effluent in Irrigation of Rice on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and the Crop

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyed mohsen sayadmanesh 1
  • mohamadali bahmanyar 2
  • mehdi ghajarsepanlu 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of application of industrial wastewater on accumulation of heavy metals in soil and cultivated rice, the farms  effected by  Amol Industrial wastewater Park were selected and samples of  irrigation water, soil and also roots, shoots and grains of rice were collected. Then, the amounts of Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb in these samples were determined. The results showed that the amount of these elements in samples of water, soil and rice were increased due to application of wastewater. The total amount of cadmium in the soil in highest amount increased  to 29.75%  which was higher than the other elements. Available lead in the soil at highest amount was increased to 40% compared to control. Due to using industrial wastewater, increase in the accumulation of heavy metals in studied  rice roots were more than that in other organs. Accumulation of the elements in the grain was Cr> Cd ~ Pb> Ni, respectively. Accumulation of Pb in root and shoot of rice were more than other metals. Heavy metals transfer factor from the soil to the shoots was  more than grain. Transfer factor for Cd in grain and shoots in site 2 was equal to 1.52 and 1.44, respectively, which were more than other elements. Cadmium risk index was highest among the elements investigated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • irrigation
  • Rice
  • Industrial Wastewater
  • Lead
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • nickel
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