پهنه‌بندی کیفی آبخوان شهر بابک از منظر خورندگی و رسوب‌گذاری، تناسب کشاورزی، شرب و آبیاری تحت فشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

مدیریت کیفیت آب در آبخوان‌های چندمنظوره نیازمند بررسی وضعیت کیفی آنها براساس استانداردهای چندگانه است. با توجه به کمبود مطالعات در زمینه پایش آبخوان‌های چندمنظوره، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت کیفی آب‌ زیرزمینی آبخوان چندمنظوره کشاورزی- معدنی- شرب- صنعتی شهر بابک بر اساس شاخص‌های چندگانه (تناسب کشاورزی، آبیاری تحت فشار، شرب و کاربری صنعتی) صورت گرفت. مدل بهینه تغییرات مکانی پارامترهای کیفی آب در واریوگرام کروی، نمائی و گوسی با روش‌های کریجینگ و IDW(1-3) بر اساس شاخص‌های RMSE, MAE, RSS, R2 برای 16 پارامتر مورد بررسی، انتخاب شد. پهنه‌بندی چندمنظوره در محیطGIS  و بر اساس استانداردهای تناسب آب ویلکاکس، شولر، آبیاری قطره‌ای و بارانی وزارت نیرو، چهار شاخص خورندگی و رسوب‌گذاری و استانداردهای WHO و IRISI با لایه‌های اطلاعاتی 16 گانه‌ صورت گرفت و تحلیل همبستگی مکانی متغیرها نیز انجام شد.نقشه‌های پهنه کیفی نشان داد در 100 درصد مساحت دشت، شاخص‌های پوکوریوس، لانژیلر، خورندگی و رایزنر چند برابر آستانه و بیانگر پهنه خورندگی وسیع در کاربری صنعتی بود. طبق نتایج، 93 درصد مساحت دشت در کلاس‌های C4-S1 و C4-S2 نامناسب برای کشاورزی قرار گرفت. فقط3/1 درصد از مساحت دشت قابل قبول برای شرب بود. نقشه پهنه‌بندی آبیاری قطره‌ای نشان داد که 6/47 درصد از مساحت دشت بیشترین محدودیت را از نظر کیفیت آب دارد. با توجه به درصد وسیع پهنه‌های نامناسب آب‌های زیرزمینی آبخوان از منظر مصارف چندمنظوره کشاورزی، شرب، صنعت و معدن لازم است استراتژی‌های پایش و مدیریت کیفی متناسب با نوع مصارف و اهداف توسعه اعمال شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Qualitative Zoning of Shahr-e-Babak Aquifer Based on its Corrosiveness, Sedimentation, and Applicability for Agricultural, Drinking, and Pressure Irrigation Uses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Seifi 1
  • Hossien Riahi-Madvar 2
1 Assist. Prof. of Water Engineering, Vali-e-asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Assist. Prof. of Water Engineering, Vali-e-asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water quality management in groundwater aquifers requires accurate water quality monitoring to ensure they meet a variety of relevant standards. Given the rather few reported studies in the field, the present study was designed and implemented to investigate the groundwater quality of Shahr-e-Babak aquifer that is exploited for agricultural, mining, drinking, and industrial consumptions. The kriging and IDW (power:1-3) techniques with spherical, exponential, and Gaussian variogramsare were compared using R2, RMSE, MAE, and RSS indices to find the optimum model for determining the spatial variability of sixteen groundwater quality parameters. Multi-purpose zoning of groundwater quality was accomplished in the ArcGIS environment in terms of the Wilcox, Schuler, drip and sprinkle irrigation as delineated by Iran Power Ministry, corrosiveness, and sedimentation standards as well as the WHO and IRISI indices before spatial correlations were determined accordingly. Based on the water quality zoning maps thus derived, Langelier, Corrosiveness, and Ryznar indices were several times larger than the threshold levels across the whole aquifer plain, indicating the wide corrosiveness of the water in industrial applications. The results also revelaed that 93% of the groundwater in the plain area was classified as C4-S1 and C4-S2, which are unsuitable for irrigation, while only 1.3% of the groundwater was acceptable for drinking uses. Drip irrigation zoning revealed that 64% of the plain area had the lowest water quality.The undesirable quality zones in a vast area of the aquifer investigated calls for accurate quality monitoring and management to meet the development objectives in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multi-Purpose Aquifer
  • Groundwater
  • Corrosiveness
  • Sedimentation
  • Agricultural and Drinking Suitability
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