ارزیابی پارامترهای موثر بر مصرف آب شرب شهری با استفاده از تکنیک تست گاما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

افزایش جمعیت و تغییر ساختار جمعیتی طی دهه‌های اخیر در کشور، اهمیت نیاز به تغییر در شیوه‌های مدیریت تقاضای آب شرب شهری و پیش‌بینی تقاضاهای جدید از طریق تحلیل عوامل موثر بر مصرف آب را بیشتر کرده است. لذا ارزیابی خصوصیات فیزیکی و رفتاری مشترکان آب شرب شهری تحت شرایط مختلف مصرف از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در همین راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر خصوصیات فیزیکی و رفتاری مشترکان شهری و با مدنظر قرار دادن تأثیر شرایط اقلیمی در دوره‌های زمانی مختلف برای شهر نیشابور در خراسان رضوی انجام شد. از آنجا که پارامترهای تاثیر گذار بر مصارف آب شهری معرفی شده در تحقیقات مختلف قبلی بسیار متفاوت بود، لذا در این تحقیق سعی شده تا با مدنظر قرار دادن تقریباً تمام عوامل موثر با هم (27 متغیر ورودی)، از توانمندی‌های تست گاما برای ارزیابی اثرات مذکور در یک فضای ناپارامتریک استفاده شود. در ابتدا به‌کمک تست گاما مقدار نزدیک‌ترین همسایگی و تعداد داده‌های مورد نیاز برای مدل‌سازی تعیین شد. سپس با استفاده از روشهای مختلف تعبیه‌سازی، متغیرهای تاثیرگذار و ترکیبات مختلف این متغیرها که بر میزان مصرف آب شرب موثر بودند، انتخاب شدند. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای زیادی از جمله متغیرهای مرتبط با عرصه و اعیان، وسایل و تجهیزات کم و پرمصرف، پارامترهای اقلیمی، خصوصیات سیستم توزیع و مشخصات مشترکان، پارامترهای اقتصادی و شرایط مصرف در دوره‌های قبل بر مصرف دو ماهه، سالانه و مصرف بلند مدت مشترکان آب شرب موثر است. همچنین مصرف متوسط بلند مدت مشترکان شهر نیشابور تقریباً برخلاف نتایج دیگر مطالعات ارائه شده به وضعیت فشار آب شبکه حساس بود، هرچند که رضایت‌مندی مشترکان از خدمات رسانی شرکت آب و فاضلاب نیز تا حدودی مصرف طولانی مدت آنها را تحت تاثیر خود داشت. بنابراین، تفاوتهای کمّی و کیفی مشاهده شده در عوامل تاثیرگذار بر مصرف آب شرب، در بازه‌های زمانی مختلف و تعدد این عوامل، نیاز به نگاه ویژه‌تر و دقیق‌تر به مصرف آب مشترکان و بازنگری سیاست‌های مدیریتی در بخش تامین و تقاضای آب شرب شهری کشور را ضروری می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Efficient Parameters on Municipal Drinking Water Using GAMA Test Technique

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Ansary 1
  • Narges Salehnia 2
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, population increasing and its structural changings have doubled municipal water demand management importance and forecast. Proper planning and management is subject to the most important information about households. So, considering the physical and behavioural characteristics of consumers is necessary in different conditions. In this research, classifying influential characteristics and interaction of Neyshabour households in Razavi Khorasan on municipal water consumptions during different periods presented. Many influential parameters has considered in recent investigations then, Gamma Test abilities used for nearly all 27 variables, in a non-parametric space. Results showed that house age, landscape, cooler capacity, high-consumption appliances, number of connections, number of people in each connection, land area,
commercial and residential arena, advantage of zone, booster pump, water pressure during the year and summer, maximum temperature, rainfall, average price of drinking water and one- lag consumption were the most important parameters affecting on two-months consumption. Yearly water consumption influenced by house age, landscape, seizin type, high-consumption appliance capacity, land area, residential area, booster pump, metering change, water pressure during the year and summer time, minimum and average temperature, and average price of drinking water. Despite previous studies, long run average consumption for consumers is sensitive to water pressure. However, consumer satisfaction about water and wastewater corporation services has affected their long run consumption. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative differences in influential affecting water consumption must devise in management policies for municipal water demand and supply.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drinking Water Consumption
  • Gamma Test
  • Influential Factors on Consumption
  • Demand Management
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