نوع مقاله : مقالات مروری
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه جندی شاپور اهواز و دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده محیط زیست تهران و مسئول مرکز اقیانوس شناسی تهران
3 مدیر گروه و عضو هیأت علمی گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Disposal of raw municipal wastewater or effluent of preliminary treatment into the sea and ocean is economically more accepted and technically more efficient than secondary treatment. In this method, the wastewater disposed at the bottom of the sea in some points from diffuser. Nowadays, lots of researchers select outfall as a suitable alternative treatment method for coastal cities. The goal of this paper was to introduce the outfall as a wastewater treatment method and its design criteria considering different characteristics of the sea such as salinity, density, temperature, stratification etc. In addition, stagnant sea and thermal stratification is reviewed. In this paper the latest information were reviewed. In this alternative the wastewater treated under dilution, mixing and natural conditions. Moreover, sensitive coastal point are preserved from different wastewater pollutants. Usually, there is no limitation regarding discharge of coliform, DO, BOD, and nutrient concentrations in initial mixing zoom. The parameters such as thermal stratification, salinity stratification, density stratification, marine flows influence design of outfall.