ارزیابی کیفیت شیرابه و تأثیرات آن بر کشاورزی در مجاورت محل دفن زباله‌ شهر زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران- محیط‌زیست، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

با توجه ‌به احتمال نشت شیرابه موجود در محل‌های دفن زباله به داخل آبخوان و امکان وجود آلاینده‌هایی مانند هیدروکربن‌ها و فلزات سنگین، می‌توان محل‌های دفن را به‌عنوان یک تهدید بالقوه برای منابع آب زیرزمینی به‌شمار آورد. در این پژوهش، تغییرات مکانی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی، در مجاورت محل دفن پسماندهای جامد شهری واقع در یک منطقه کشاورزی در جنوب غربی شهر زنجان بررسی شد. برای این منظور تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل 18 پارامتر فیزیکوشیمیایی، فلزات سنگین و باکتریایی در شیرابه محل دفن و 14 نمونه آب زیرزمینی تا شعاع ۵ کیلومتری از محل دفن در طی دو دوره نمونه‌برداری (آذرماه 1399 و خردادماه 1400) بررسی شد. در این پژوهش برای بررسی میزان آلایندگی شیرابه و نیز میزان آلودگی آبهای زیرزمینی منطقه ناشی از شیرابه و یا سایر منابع از شاخص‌های مختلفی از جمله شاخص آلودگی شیرابه، نسبت جذب سدیم، شاخص کیلی، شاخص نفوذپذیری و درصد سدیم محلول استفاده شد. با توجه ‌به نتایج شاخص LPI آلودگی آبهای نمونه‌برداری شده با شیرابه بررسی شد و نتایج، حاکی از عدم آلودگی منابع آبی بررسی شده به شیرابه است. همچنین کیفیت این منابع برای استفاده در کشاورزی طبق شاخص‌های SAR، KR و PI مطلوب، ارزیابی شد و صرفاً شاخص SSP در 64 و 86 درصد نمونه‌ها به‌ترتیب در آذرماه 1399 و خردادماه 1400، آلوده گزارش شد. در حالت کلی نتایج حاصل از بررسی کیفی نمونه‌های آب زیرزمینی در فصل خشک (آذرماه 1399) نمود بیشتری از آلایندگی دارد. همچنین با وجود اینکه بر اساس نتایج حاصل از شاخص‌های کشاورزی و LPI در چاه 5 به‌عنوان نزدیک‌ترین چاه به محل دفن، عدم آلودگی توسط شیرابه گزارش شد، اما با توجه به خطرات بالقوه شیرابه محل دفن واقع در منطقه که حاوی مقدار نسبتاً زیادی از غلظت کلر است و به‌عنوان یک شناساگر شیرابه عمل می‌کند، پیشنهاد می‌شود چاه‌های نظارتی در اعماق مختلف و در فواصل کمتر از 1 کیلومتر نسبت به محل دفن حفر شود و نمونه‌برداری طی دوره‌های متوالی انجام شود تا کوچکترین تأثیرات شیرابه بر آبهای زیرزمینی مشخص شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Leachate Quality and its Effects on Agriculture in the Vicinity of Zanjan Landfill

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Khodaverdi 1
  • Aida Hosseini Baghanam 2
  • Vahid Nourani 3
1 MSc. of Environmental Engineering, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Landfills can be considered as a potential threat to groundwater resources, considering the potential of groundwater pollution by leachate with the pollutants such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals. In this study, spatial changes in groundwater quality used in agriculture, in the vicinity of landfill site of municipal solid wastes in the southwest of Zanjan city were investigated. For this purpose, analysis of 18 physicochemical, heavy metals and bacterial parameters in leachate and 14 groundwater samples were investigated around the dumpsite up to a 5 km radius from landfill during two sampling periods (i.e., December 2020 and June 2011). In this study, several indices including leachate pollution index, sodium absorption ratio, Killie index, soluble sodium percentage and permeability index were used to investigate groundwater pollution in the study area due to leachate or other sources. According to the results of LPI, none of the groundwater samples were polluted with leachate. Also, the quality of these resources for use in agriculture was evaluated favorably according to SAR, KR and PI indices, however, according to SSP, 64% and 86% of samples during December 2020 and June 2021, respectively, were reported polluted. In general, the results of qualitative study of groundwater samples in dry season (December 2020) were more pronounced than pollutants. Although based on the results of agricultural indicators and LPI in well number 5 as the closest well to the landfill, no contamination by leachate has been reported, however the high chlorine concentration which was at maximum of allowed range, the potential dangers of landfill leachate were shown. It is noted that chlorine acts as a leachate detector in groundwater. Therefore it is recommended that monitoring wells be dug at different depths and at distances of less than one kilometer from the landfill, and sampling be done in successive periods to determine even the smallest effects of leachate on groundwater.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sodium Absorption Ratio
  • Sodium Soluble Percentage
  • Kelley Ratio
  • Permeability Index
  • Leachate
  • Leachate Pollution Index
  • Water Quality in Agriculture
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