مطالعه تجربی ترکیبات آلی فرار منتشره از حوضچه‌های تصفیه پساب پالایشگاه‌های نفتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

واحد تصفیه پساب پالایشگاه‌های نفت یکی از منابع مهم در انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرار بوده و قرار گرفتن در معرض این آلاینده‌ها خطرات قابل‌توجهی بر کارکنان پالایشگاه و ساکنین مجاور دارد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی میزان ترکیبات آلی فرار و غلظت آنها در پساب‌های پالایشگاهی و همچنین تخمین میزان انتشار به هوا بود. غلظت و بار آلودگی ترکیبات آلی فرار در پساب تولیدی واحدهای عملیاتی و حوضچه‌های تصفیه پساب توسط دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گاز و تخمین انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرار با استفاده از روش‌های Rank 2 و Rank 3 سازمان حفاظت از محیط‌زیست آمریکا انجام شد. میزان آلودگی پنج ترکیب هگزان، بنزن، تولوئن، اتیل بنزن و زایلن رسیده به واحد بازیافت 1095 تن در سال و برای پنج ترکیب یاد شده به‌همراه پنتان، هپتان، متیل‌ سیکلو هگزان، 1و2و4 تری‌متیل بنزن، 1و3و5 تری‌متیل بنزن و دودکان، 5379 تن در سال محاسبه شد. بر همین اساس به‌ازای هر تن نفت خام فراورش شده، 187 گرم از مجموع پنج ترکیب و 692 گرم از یازده ترکیب، از واحدهای فرایندی تولید ‌شد. 78 درصد بار آلودگی یازده ترکیب و 60 درصد بار آلودگی پنج ترکیب به واحد بازیافت می‌رسد که نشان‌دهنده انتشار آلاینده‌ها در مسیر انتقال به واحد بازیافت بود. همچنین به‌ازای هر تن نفت خام فراورش شده، 5/48 گرم پنج ترکیب و 6/241 گرم یازده ترکیب منتخب از حوضچه‌های تصفیه پساب منتشر شد. شناسایی منابع تولید ترکیبات آلی فرار یکی از راه‌های کاهش ورود بار آلودگی به واحد تصفیه پساب و در نتیجه کاهش میزان انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرار از پالایشگاه است. بر این اساس پالایشگاه‌ها می‌توانند استراتژی مناسب خود را برای کاهش انتشار به‌کار گیرند. این پژوهش برای پالایشگاهی با ظرفیت 10 مگاتن در سال و با درجه پیچیدگی متوسط انجام شد که قابلیت استفاده توسط هر پالایشگاه متناظری در دنیا را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Experimental Study of Emitted Volatile Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Ponds in Oil Refineries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shabnam Ziaei Seginsara 1
  • Leila Khazini 2
1 Former Graduate Student, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wastewater treatment unit in an oil refinery is one of the main emission sources of volatile organic compounds and exposure to these pollutants has major negative impacts on refinery staff and residents of adjacent areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration of volatile organic compounds in refinery effluents and to estimate the emission of these compounds into the air. Concentration and pollution load of volatile organic compounds in operating units and basins of treatment unit wastewater were analyzed using gas chromatography and emission estimation of them was done using the Rank 2 and Rank 3 of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The pollution received by wastewater plant was 1095 ton/y of five components: benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and hexane, while 5379 ton/y for the eleven pollutants including previous five components plus pentane, heptane, methyl cyclohexane, 1-2-4 tri-methylbenzene, 1-3-5 tri-methylbenzene and dodecane. Based on refinery feed, for each ton of crude oil processed, 187 g of the total 5 compounds and 692 g of 11 compounds are produced from operational units; but only 78% of the 11 compounds and 60% of the 5 compounds could reach the treatment unit, which indicates the emission of pollutants in the transfer path. Overall, for each ton of processed crude oil, 48.5 g of 5 compounds and 241.6 g of 11 compounds from effluent treatment ponds are emitted to the atmosphere. Identifying the sources of volatile organic compounds production is one of the ways to reduce the pollution load entering the treatment unit and thus reduces the emission from the refinery. Based on these results, refineries could apply proper strategies for emission decrease. This research has been done for a refinery with ten megatons capacity per year and medium complexity, which could be used by any analogous refinery in the world.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air Pollution
  • Volatile Organic Compounds
  • Oil Refinery
  • Wastewater Treatment Pond
  • Emission

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مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 139
خرداد و تیر 1401
صفحه 49-61

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