Evaluating the Concentration of Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol and Water Quality in Caspian Sea Rivers Estuarine in Mazandaran Province by Using WQI Index

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Natural Ecosystems Management, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Monitoring the quality of rivers entering the Caspian Sea can play a key role in planning to preserve and manage the health of aquatic organisms. Mazandaran province has several rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea. Hence, the quality of 28 estuaries along the coasts of Mazandaran province were investigated in the present study using water quality indexes. Method: Water sampling from 28 estuaries was performed and physicochemical parameters were measured including dissolved oxygen, pH, fecal coliform, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, bisphenol A and nonylphenol. Then, the water quality was evaluated through NSFWQI, IRWQISC, and Liou indexes. Ranges of 1.99-18.94 mg/L and 3-12.42 mg/L were obtained in Kazemrood, Tajan, Alamkola, Kelayebon, Mahmoodabad, Talarood and Noshahr estuaries for BAP and in Chalakrood, Espirood, Chaloos, Alamkola, Fereidonkenar and Mashalakrood estuaries for NP, respectively. Results illustrated, a few rivers have high quality according to IRWQISC index. While, with the NSFWQI, IRWQISC and Liou index classification, a high number of rivers, especially Sorkhrood, Tonekabon, Noor, Mahmoodabad and Tajan were placed in the worst quality categories. The urban and agricultural row wastewaters surrounding the Mazandaran Province Rivers are the main reasons for the decreasing water quality. Studies should be undertaken on wastewater treatment and riparian ecological rivers to improve the water quality of the mentioned rivers.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Volume 33, Issue 1 - Serial Number 138
May and June 2022
Pages 12-26

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