جانمایی بهینه حسگرهای کیفی در شبکه‌های توزیع آب با عدم قطعیت محل و زمان ورود آلودگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده آب و فاضلاب دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده آینده‌پژوهی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام‌خمینی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

ورود آلودگی به شبکه‌های توزیع آب، یکی از خطرناک‌ترین حوادث محتمل است که می‌تواند به‌صورت تصادفی یا عمدی باشد. با توجه به جریان آب در شبکه، این آلودگی به نقاط مختلف منتقل می‌شود و سلامت مردم را به خطر می‌اندازد. در این راستا، نصب حسگرهای کیفی یکی از مؤثرترین راهکارهاست. با تشخیص آلودگی توسط این حسگرها و اعمال سیاست‌های مناسب پس از آن، خسارت ناشی از مصرف آب آلوده کاهش می‌یابد. در این پژوهش، یک مدل بهینه‌ساز برای جانمایی بهینه محل حسگرهای کیفی ارائه شد. به این منظور، با توجه به عدم ‌قطعیت مربوط به محل ورود آلودگی و گام زمانی ورود آن، پارامتری با عنوان «بیشترین خسارت محتمل» معرفی شد. برای محاسبه این پارامتر، ابتدا ماتریس‌های خسارت برای همه مقادیر محتمل محل و گام زمانی ورود آلودگی و به کمک شبیه‌ساز EPANET محاسبه شدند. در ادامه این ماتریس‌ها در مدل بهینه‌ساز استفاده شده و طرح جانمایی حسگرها با هدف حداقل‌سازی بیشترین خسارت محتمل ارائه ‌شد. در این پژوهش از الگوریتم ژنتیک برای بهینه‌سازی استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل یک شبکه نمونه به‌عنوان مورد مطالعاتی نشان داد جانمایی بهینه حسگر(های) کیفی بر اساس روش ارائه شده، تا حد زیادی توانست خسارت ناشی از ورود آلودگی به شبکه را کاهش دهد. به‌عنوان نمونه مشاهده ‌شد که اضافه کردن فقط یک یا دو حسگر کیفی در محل‌های بهینه، می‌تواند خسارت ناشی از آلوده شدن آب را به‌ترتیب تا 56 و 78 درصد کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Quality Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Networks under Temporal and Spatial Uncertain Contamination

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Geranmehr 1
  • Mohammad Yousefi-Khoraem 2
1 Researcher at the Institute of Water and Wastewater at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Researcher at Research Institute for Future Studies, Imam Khomeini International University, Ghazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Contamination of a water distribution network (WDN) is one of the most dangerous events which may occur in accidental or deliberate conditions. The contamination spreads across the network based on the water flow and, as a result, has negative consequences on public health. In this regard, one of the most effective strategies is to install quality sensors. These sensors could reduce the damage due to detecting the contamination and applying appropriate policies. In this study, an optimization approach for quality sensor placement is presented. In this model, based on spatial and temporal uncertainty of input contaminant, a new parameter called maximum possible damage is introduced. Using EPANET as a hydraulic and quality simulator, the damage matrices are calculated for all possible values of temporal and spatial input contamination. In the following, these matrices are used in an optimization model in order to calculate the maximum possible damage. The genetic algorithm is implemented here to solve the problem.  The presented method is investigated on a case study network, and results show that this method could find the optimal sensor placement and reduce the damage caused by contamination. As an example, it can be seen that installing one or two sensors could reduce the contaminated water damage by 56% and 78%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Distribution Networks
  • Quality Sensor
  • Contamination
  • Optimization
  • Uncertainty
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