بهبود کیفیت شیرابه محل دفن پسماند شهر اصفهان به روش گیاه‌پالایی با استفاده از گیاهان وتیور و نی به‌منظور استفاده در آبیاری فضای سبز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به کمبود شدید منابع آب در کشور، بهره‌برداری از فاضلاب‌های تصفیه شده شهری در بخش کشاورزی، روش مؤثری در برطرف نمودن نیاز‌ آبی گیاهان و همچنین کاهش آلودگی محیط‌زیست است. گیاه‌پالایی، به‌عنوان روشی طبیعی، با مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی کمتر برای رفع بسیاری از آلاینده‌ها، معرفی شده است. گیاه وتیور‌گراس (Vetiver zizanioides L. Nash) و گیاه نی (Phragmites australis) را می‌توان به‌عنوان دو گیاه مناسب به سبب ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک دارای پتانسیل بالا در زمینه تصفیه فاضلاب‌ها و احیای زمین‌های با ارزش نام برد. پژوهش حاضر در راستای بهبود کیفیت شیرابه زباله با استفاده از گیاهان وتیورگراس و نی و کشت آن به‌صورت هیدروپونیک در محیط شیرابه زباله و ارزیابی کارایی آن در حذف و پالایش آلاینده‌ها انجام شد. به این منظور، پایلوتی به حجم کلی 200 لیتر از جنس فایبرگلاس تهیه شد. همچنین در تیمارها از دو تراکم گیاهی (2 تایی و 4 تایی بر960 سانتی‌متر مربع) و تیمار شاهد (بدون گیاه) و چهار زمان ماند (3، 7، 14 و21 روز)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. در پایان هر دوره، COD، نیترات و فسفات اندازه‌گیری و بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان کاهش COD، BOD، فسفات و نیترات پس از مدت 21 روز برای مخزن حاوی گیاه وتیور به‌ترتیب 68، 60، 82 و 83 درصد و برای مخزن حاوی گیاه نی به‌ترتیب 65، 30، 60 و 63 درصد بود. همچنین، بهترین تراکم در انجام پالایش توسط گیاه وتیورگراس و گیاه نی در محیط بسته، تراکم 4 تایی بوده است. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، گیاهان وتیورگراس و نی پتانسیل خوبی در بهبود کیفیت شیرابه محل دفن پسماند دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Isfahan Landfill Leachate Quality by Phytoremediation Using Vetiver and Phragmites Plants in Green Space Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahangir Abedi Koupai 1
  • Mohammad Ali Jamalian 2
  • Mohammad Mahdi Dorafshan 2
1 Prof. Dept. of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Former Graduate Student, Dept. of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Considering the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the utilization of treated municipal wastewater in the agricultural sector is an effective way for supplying water requirement of plants and reducing environmental pollution. Phytoremediation is an environmentally- friendly method to eliminate many pollutants. Vetiver (Vetiver zizanioides L. Nash) and reed plant (Phragmites australis) are two special plants for phytoremediation because of their unique physiological and morphological characteristics. The present research was carried out to improve the quality of leachate by vetiver and reed plant and, using hydroponic system evaluate their efficiency in the removal of contaminants. For this purpose a pilot study (containers containing 200 L leachate) was conducted including two plants, two densities, four retention times (3, 7, 14, 21 day) and control (with no plants). All experiments were performed with three replications. At the end of each period, BOD, COD, nitrate and phosphate were determined and evaluated. Results showed that the amount of COD, BOD, phosphate and nitrate was decreased by 68, 60, 82 and 83%, respectively, for the vetiver grass after 21 days. Also, results showed that the amount of COD, BOD, phosphate and nitrate was decreased by 65, 30, 60 and 63%, respectively, for the reed plant after 21 days. Finally, the results indicated that the best density for the treatment of vetiver grass and reed plant was a density of 4 in a closed environment. According to the results of this study, the vetiver plant and the reed plant have good potential to reduce pollutants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioremediation
  • Leachate Treatment
  • Hydroponic
  • Phragmites

مراجع

Abaga, N. O. Z., Dousset, S., Mbengue, S. & Munier-Lamy, C. 2014. Is vetiver grass of interest for the remediation of Cu and Cd to protect marketing gardens in Burkina Faso? Chemosphere, 113, 42-47.
Albaho, M. S. & Green, J. L. 2000. Suaeda salsa, a desalinating companion plant for greenhouse tomato. HortScience, 35, 620-623.
Baskar, G., Deeptha, V. & Rahaman, A. A. 2009. Root zone technology for campus waste water treatment.
Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 3, 695-705.
Bharathiraja, B., Jayamuthunagai, J., Praveenkumar, R. & Iyyappan, J. 2018. Phytoremediation techniques for the removal of dye in wastewater. In: Bioremediation: applications for environmental protection and management. Springer.
Boonsong, K. & Chansiri, M. 2008. Domestic wastewater treatment using vetiver grass cultivated with floating platform technique. AU Journal of Technology, 12, 73-80.
Brooks, A. S., Rozenwald, M. N., Geohring, L. D., Lion, L. W. & Steenhuis, T. S. 2000. Phosphorus removal by wollastonite: a constructed wetland substrate. Ecological Engineering, 15, 121-132.
Chian, E. S. & Dewalle, F. B. 1976. Sanitary landfill leachates and their leachate treatment. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 102, 411-431.
Comino, E., Riggio, V. & Rosso, M. 2011. Mountain cheese factory wastewater treatment with the use of a hybrid constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering, 37, 1673-1680.
Dull, M. & Wernstedt, K. 2010. Land recycling, community revitalization, and distributive politics: an analysis of EPA brownfields program support. Policy Studies Journal, 38, 119-141.
Gagnon, V., Chazarenc, F., Kõiv, M. & Brisson, J. 2012. Effect of plant species on water quality at the outlet of a sludge treatment wetland. Water Research, 46, 5305-5315.
García, J. A., Paredes, D. & Cubillos, J. A. 2013. Effect of plants and the combination of wetland treatment type systems on pathogen removal in tropical climate conditions. Ecological Engineering, 58, 57-62.
Haghshenas-Adarmanabadi, A., Heidarpour, M. & Tarkesh-Esfahani, S. 2016. Evaluation of horizontal–vertical subsurface hybrid constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of conventional treatment facilities effluents in developing countries. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 227, 28.
Jabeen, R., Ahmad, A. & Iqbal, M. 2009. Phytoremediation of heavy metals: physiological and molecular mechanisms. The Botanical Review, 75, 339-364.
Jampeetong, A., Brix, H. & Kantawanichkul, S. 2012. Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth, morphology, nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia cucullata, Ipomoea aquatica, Cyperus involucratus and Vetiveria zizanioides). Aquatic Botany, 97, 10-16.
Khan, M. A., Ungar, I. A. & Showalter, A. M. 2000. The effect of salinity on the growth, water status, and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. Journal of Arid Environments, 45, 73-84.
Kumar, V. & Chopra, A. 2018. Phytoremediation potential of water caltrop (Trapa natans L.) using municipal wastewater of the activated sludge process-based municipal wastewater treatment plant. Environmental Technology, 39, 12-23.
Lema, J., Mendez, R. & Blazquez, R. 1988. Characteristics of landfill leachates and alternatives for their treatment: a review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 40, 223-250.
Mustapha, H. I., Van Bruggen, J. & Lens, P. 2018. Fate of heavy metals in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary treated petroleum refinery wastewater in Kaduna, Nigeria. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20, 44-53.
Noykova, N., MuÈller, T. G., Gyllenberg, M. & Timmer, J. 2002. Quantitative analyses of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes: identifiability and parameter estimation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 78, 89-103.
Rabhi, M., Ferchichi, S., Jouini, J., Hamrouni, M. H., Koyro, H.-W., Ranieri, A., et al. 2010. Phytodesalination of a salt-affected soil with the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to arrange in advance the requirements for the successful growth of a glycophytic crop. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6822-6828.
Raman, J. K. & Gnansounou, E. 2015. LCA of bioethanol and furfural production from vetiver. Bioresource Technology, 185, 202-210.
Ravindran, K., Venkatesan, K., Balakrishnan, V., Chellappan, K. & Balasubramanian, T. 2007. Restoration of saline land by halophytes for Indian soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 2661-2664.
Sas-Nowosielska, A., Kucharski, R., Pogrzeba, M., Krzyżak, J., Kuperberg, J. & Japenga, J. 2008. Phytoremediation technologies used to reduce environmental threat posed by metal-contaminated soils: theory and reality In: Simulation and Assessment of Chemical Processes in a Multiphase Environment, Barnes, M. & Kharytonov, M. (Eds), Springer.
Song, U., Waldman, B., Park, J. S., Lee, K., Park, S.-J. & Lee, E. J. 2018. Improving the remediation capacity of a landfill leachate channel by selecting suitable macrophytes. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 20, 31-37.
Suelee, A. L., Hasan, S. N. M. S., Kusin, F. M., Yusuff, F. M. & Ibrahim, Z. Z. 2017. Phytoremediation potential of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) for treatment of metal-contaminated water. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 228, 158.
Truong, P. & Hart, B. 2001. Vetiver system for wastewater treatment, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Burleigh Heads, Australia.
USEPA 2012. Guidelines for water reuse. EPA/600/R‐12/618.
Vara Prasad, M. N. & De Oliveira Freitas, H. M. 2003. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants: biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 285-321.
Vaverková, M. D., Adamcová, D., Radziemska, M., Voběrková, S., Mazur, Z. & Zloch, J. 2018. Assessment and evaluation of heavy metals removal from landfill leachate by Pleurotus ostreatus. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9, 503-511.
WHO 2006. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater, World Health Organization, USA.
Zhang, D. Q., Jinadasa, K., Gersberg, R. M., Liu, Y., Ng, W. J. & Tan, S. K. 2014. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries–a review of recent developments (2000–2013). Journal of Environmental Management, 141, 116-131.
Zorrig, W., Rabhi, M., Ferchichi, S., Smaoui, A. & Abdelly, C. 2012. Phytodesalination: a solution for salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid regions. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 22, 299-302.
مجله آب و فاضلاب
دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 127
مرداد و شهریور 1399
صفحه 101-111

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار