Application of Phosphorus Simulation Models to Latian Reservoir
Siavosh
Isazadeh
Graduate Student of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University Technology, Tehran
author
Masoud
Tajrishy
Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran
author
Ahmad
Abrishamchi
Professor of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran
author
Mehdi
Ahmadi
Graduate Student of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University Technology, Tehran
author
text
article
2005
per
The Latian Reservoir (70 Mm3) is located about 35 Km Northeast of Tehran and supplies drinking water to more than 2.5 million people in the greater Tehran metropolitan area. The main sources of water to the Latian Reservoir are the Lavarak River and the Jajrood River watershed which are becoming highly populated communities discharging their waste directly into surface waters.
The results of a 3-years water quality monitoring show that this reservoir is in the eutrophic stage because of high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. Because of the phosphorus role in lake and reservoir eutrophication, in this paper several well-known models of phosphorus were compared and eventually Snodgrass-O’Melia phosphorus model was selected for long term phosphorus simulation in this reservoir. Decrease of phosphorus concentration in the Jajrood River is the most effective way for decreasing phosphorous concentration in the water body of reservoir.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
3
16
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2127_f6b8266e95416cf2736827ebee5343c7.pdf
Estimation of Kermanshah Domestic Wastewater Characteristics Based on Socio-economic Variables
Ali
Almasi
Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
author
Mohammad Tagi
Eyvazi
Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
author
Mansour
Rezaee
Assistant Professor of Medical Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
author
Ehsan
Amir Pour
Senior Water & Wastewater Engineer, Kermanshah Provincial Water and Wastewater Company
author
text
article
2005
per
A survey of wastewater characteristics in Kermanshah City was conducted to evaluate the range of pollutant ratios (BOD, SS, N, and P, to COD) that can be used to assess the robustness of wastewater management systems in terms of sustainability. The method of study is descriptive and analytical. Data were collected from three districts of the city that were socio-economically different (Ellaheiah, Taavon and Kasra) and considered to be true representatives of the population. Average values of BOD5/COD (0.58, 0.55 and 0.56 mg/mg); SS/COD (0.633, 0.619, 0.636); N/COD (0.09, 0.078 and 0.076); and P/COD (0.016, 0.015 and 0.018) were obtained from the three districts of the city, Ellaheiah, Taavon and Kasra, respectively. The alkalinity of the wastewater was 2.5 times stronger than normal wastewater. The results indicate that despite seemingly different values for the parameters measured, no significant differences exist among samples from the three study districts. Based on BOD and COD, the samples seem to range from medium to strong. BOD/COD ratios are almost satisfactory (0.5 -0.6) in the sense that more than 0.55% of carbonaceous material is biodegradable. Regarding TKN, total phosphorous concentration is in the range of medium wastewaters. Phosphorous concentration in the wastewater from Kasra was significantly higher than those from the other two districts.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
17
24
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2128_7abb851f6f2583506a565b1c95b6903d.pdf
Study of a Mathematical Model of Biocide Effect on a Biofilm Isolated
from a Cooling System Using the Microtiter Plate
Shahryar
Shakeri
Graduate Student of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Isfahan University, Isfahan
author
Roha
Kasra Kermanshahi
Professors of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Isfahan University, Isfahan
author
Gity
Emtiazi
Professors of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Isfahan University, Isfahan
author
text
article
2005
per
Bacterial colonization on metal surfaces and their metabolic activities lead to biocorrosion. In fact, any agent removing the biofilm or decreasing its thickness is capable of preventing biocorrosion. Biocides make up one such agent. These agents can control bacterial biofilms, remove these structures, or kill cells within them. The object of this research is to study the thermodynamic model of biocide penetration into the biofilm using the microtiter plate test. First, the biofilm bacteria were isolated to form a mix- bacterial biofilm. The biocide effect on the mix-biofilm was then determined using the microtiter plate test. Results from this test were compared with those from a thermodynamic model and it was revealed that the effects of oxidizing biocides such as sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide are in good agreement with the results from the model. The results indicated that increased biocide concentration leads to the removal of the biofilm or to the kill-off of the cells within it. However, in the case of non-oxidizing biocides such as sulfathiazol, glutaraldehyde, and alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, the efficiency results did not agree well with the results from the thermodynamic model such that increased biocide concentration did not remove the biofilm nor did it kill off the cells within it
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
25
32
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2129_1ca21238af72093b558d3bae7041a9f0.pdf
Isolation and Characterization of an Amylase Producing Yeast and its Application in Carotenoid Production Using Dual Culture
Iraj
Nahvi
Professor of Biotechnology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
author
Rasool
Shafiee
Grad. Student of Microbiology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
author
Behzad
Shareghi
Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
text
article
2005
per
Starch is a plant polysaccharide with unique applications in Iran. Its increasing production and processing recently have led to large volumes of industrial effluent as an environmental pollutant. In this study, an amylase producing yeast is isolated and identified as “Cryptococcus aerius” to investigate some of its characteristics such as its amylase secretion and starch digesting patterns, kinetics of amylase complex, and its capability for carotenoid production in dual culture. The results indicate that C.aerius is capable of soluble and raw maize starch digestion and assimilation. Raw starch digestion is scarce among yeast species; hence, it is industrially important. C.aerius digests soluble starch in the first 10 hours of cultivation and on the basis of amylase secreting patterns, it is therefore categorized with fast growing species on starch as carbon source. Non-pathogenicity, digestion of raw starch, heat stability of the secreted amylases complex (>55˚C), and the optimum pH level of 5.5- 6 for amylases complex are the set of properties that make this species capable of use in microbial production on an industrial scale. Absorption of carotenoid extract obtained from dual fermentation of C.aerius and Rhodotorula sp. indicates that the quality of carotenoids produced in dual fermentation is the same as that produced from pure Rhodotorula sp culture.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
33
42
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2131_bd9f30be0f142a40e8718c84ce0ae355.pdf
Efficiency of Ozonation in Decreasing Total Organic Carbon and Total Coliform Bacteria in Isfahan Water Treatment Plant
Mohammad Reza
Shahmansouri
Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
author
Mehdi
Kargar
Graduate Student of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
author
text
article
2005
per
Ozone, as a powerful oxidant and disinfectant, has found wide applications in water treatment since early 20th century. A concentration level of 0.4mg/L for 5 minutes is considered to be sufficient for conventional disinfection in water treatment. The ozonation-chlorination process, with chlorine as a supplementary disinfectant, has been used since 2003 in phase 1 of Isfahan Water Treatment Plant with an influent capacity of 5m3/s. The object of this study is to determine ozone efficiency in decreasing total organic carbon, total coliform, and fecal coliform in raw water. In this study, 25 samples over the 3 months of study were collected from the influent, after both primary and secondary ozonation stages, and from the effluent from Isfahan Water Treatment Plant. The microbial test and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. The results showed significant differences (p0.05). The result obtained from this study revealed that the application of ozone as a disinfectant in the water treatment plant in Isfahan is not adequately efficient and that final chlorination may, therefore, be necessary.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
43
46
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2132_4234c276b9603d36125e481fe921e7c3.pdf
Study of Aerated Lagoons in Treating Industrial Effluent from
Industrial Bou-ali Zone in Hamedan
Kazem
Naddafi
Associate Professors, Department of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Forough
Vaezi
Associate Professors, Department of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Mehdi
Farzadkia
Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences
author
Ali Reza
Kimiaei talab
Graduate Student, Department of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
text
article
2005
per
Aerated lagoon is a kind of the aerobic suspended growth process that can be used to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. Due to its considerable design flexibility, the aerated lagoon has gained wide applications in both developed and developing countries. This study aims to investigate the performance of aerated lagoons in the wastewater treatment plant in Bou-Ali industrial zone in Hamedan over a period of seven months from May to November 2004. Quality indexes such as pH, TSS, BOD5 ,COD, total coliform and fecal coliform, Cu, Pb, Zn, total Cr in plant influent and effluent were determined. The average values of pH, TSS, BOD5 ,COD, total coliform and fecal coliform, Cu, Pb, Zn, total Cr in plant effluent were measured to be 7.46, 84mg/l, 76mg/l, 176mg/l, 1.98´104MP N /100ml, 3.31´103MPN/100ml, 0.04mg/l, 0.13mg/l, 0.88mg/l, and 0.03mg/l, respectively. The removal efficiencies recorded for the contaminants studied were 73.56%, 91.58%, 89.95%, 99.968%, 99.713%, 62.24 %, 59.08%, 56.51%, 62.57%, respectively. Total and fecal coliform contents were greater than standard limits for irrigation recommended by Iranian Environmental Protection Organization while the rest were below the standard values. If the effluent from this plant should be reused for agriculture or landscape irrigation, reduction of microbial pollution to standard limits recommended by Iranian EPO or to guidelines set by WHO must be considered.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
47
53
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2135_810971ad6da9ee70b6003932a9ef1c8a.pdf
Comparing Regional and At-site L-moments for Estimation of Maximum Monthly Rainfall in the Zayandehroud Basin
Hosein
Feizie
Grad. Student of Irrigation, Isfahan University of Technology
author
Sayed Saeed
Islamian
Associate Professor of Irrigation, Isfahan University of Technology
author
text
article
2005
per
One of the conventional problems in frequency analysis and prediction of various hydrologic events is lack of long time records of such events in gauging stations. This problem together with inaccurate at-site estimations has caused increasing application of regional methods for such procedures. In this study, the above mentioned method was used for selection of parent distributions to fit maximum monthly rainfall data of 18 sites in the Zayandehroud basin and, consequently, the GEV distribution was selected to estimate the related parameters and quantiles.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
54
64
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2139_155662ebbc63a90ba2fbf275ed514722.pdf
A Simple and Rapid Method to Evaluate Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen in Sewage Sludge Amended Calcareous Soils
Yazdan
Lotfi
Former Graduate Student, of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology
author
Farshid
Nourbakhsh
Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology
author
Majid
Afyuni
Associate Professor of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology
author
text
article
2005
per
Potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) can be usually considered as labile nitrogen. Measurement of PMN is expensive and time consuming; therefore, a simpler and more rapid alternative may facilitate routine laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between PMN and biological index of nitrogen availability (BINA). The studied soil was previously treated with 0, 25, and 100 tons ha-1 of sewage sludge with 0, 1, 2 and 3 consecutive years of application. Soil samples were taken 6 months after the latest application. PMN was measured according to Stanford and Smith procedure (20 weeks of aerobic incubation with 2 weeks leaching intervals) and BINA measured as described by Bundy and Meisinger (7 days of anaerobic incubation at 40˚ C followed by extraction of NH4+). Results showed that PMN was significantly correlated with BINA (r = 0.938, P<0.001) in sewage sludge treated plots and that BINA can be considered as a more reliable index for estimation of PMN. The results showed that BINA might be used as a simple and rapid method to evaluate PMN in sludge amended calcareous soils.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
65
72
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2140_b46964fa8467f9f49c08ea94df93cd92.pdf
Annual Rainfall Trend Analysis in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Central and Eastern Iran
Tayeb
Raziei
PhD student of Climatology, University of Tehran, and Climatologist, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Institute (SCWMRI), Tehran, Iran; tayebrazi@scwmri.ac.ir
author
Peyman
Daneshkar Arasteh
Assistant Professor, SCWMRI
author
Bahram
Saghafian
Associate Professor, SCWMRI
author
text
article
2005
per
Climate variability is the main reason for drought and water scarcity. Annual rainfall trend was investigated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran using 79 climatology and synoptic stations with 36 years of data records. Monthly and annual precipitation data from homogeneity tests were applied and discontinuities were adjusted in non-homogeneous stations using the annual nonparametric Mann-Kendal statistic test. The results showed no evidence of climate change in the study area. Although many stations showed negative trends indicating decreasing precipitation, this trend was not statistically significant at 95 percent significant level. The results indicate that the southeastern part of Iran has recently experienced a climate change of negative precipitation trend. Mapping trend statistics did not show any geographical orientation. Considering the global warming and rising temperatures, evident in the study area, the adverse effects of decreasing precipitation on temperature, the adverse effects of decreasing precipitation in conjunction with significant positive trends in temperature rise may lead to severe ecological and economic problems in the study area. The frequently occurring droughts in this region can be due to increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
73
81
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2141_eadd205158a126c277c7b9e21d591b08.pdf
Application of Titanium Compounds to Reduce Fluoride Ion in Water Resources with High Fluoride Ion Contents
Fariborz
Riahi
Senior Engineer of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (Isfahan Site), Nuclear Engineering Department
author
Mahboube
Radgoodarzi
Engineer of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (Isfahan Site), Chemical Department
author
text
article
2005
per
The present work describes studies on the sorption of fluoride ions from water by titanium compounds used in water treatment to reduce fluoride content in water resources. There are different methods of reducing fluoride ion in water, each associated with specific problems such as secondary contamination, environmental contamination, high costs, or the need for primary and secondary treatment. In this study, application of titanium sulfate and Metatitanic acid produced from titanium ore concentrate (ileminite) is investigated in the removal of fluoride ion and the possibility of complete purification of fluorine containing wastewater is examined to determine the optimal conditions. Metatitanic acid has a great sorption property for fluoride ion. Also titanium sulfate is a suitable and more effective material for this purpose. Efficiency of this material in reducing fluoride ion content is 99.9% and it is possible to refresh sorbet material for reuse without problems arising from Ti+4 ion contamination.
Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers
1024-5936
16
v.
2
no.
2005
82
87
https://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2142_745bfd36498d3d3090f823258f730d56.pdf